Abstract   Background: In this study we aimed to examine the discrimination and calibration of   a severity characterization of trauma (ASCOT) in our setting to determine whether its usage   is appropriate to predict outcome of our trauma patients.   Methods: This study was conducted in three hospitals. All patients admitted in studied   hospitals were divided randomly into two equal subgroup...

A contemporaneous linear combination of two or more time series is less persistent than the individual series. Engle and Granger (1987) allowed for both standard and fractional cointegration. Under standard cointegration, the memory parameter is reduced from 1 to 0, while under fractional cointegration the level of reduction need not be an integer thus is more general. Empirical examples includ...

This paper extends my previous analysis of the causal relationship of GDP and energy use in the USA in the post-war period. A majority of the relevant variables are integrated justifying a cointegration analysis. The results show that cointegration does occur and that energy input cannot be excluded from the cointegration space. The results are plausible in terms of macroeconomic dynamics. The ...

Since the global financial crisis, South African fiscal authorities have acquired debt at a faster rate compared to other economies, which, according recent growth theory, implies that economy has lower tolerance or threshold level than previously thought. Our study presents country-specific estimates for based on reduced form regressions derived from an endogenous model of public incorporates ...

To understand the general relationship between Energy Conservation and Emissions Reduction (ECER) policy means coordination (PMC) and economic growth, this paper quantitatively investigates the impact on economic growth of differing PMCs. ECER policies from 1978 to 2013 in China are quantified across two dimensions of policy power and policy means, and then, PMC degrees are designed as independ...

In this article, monthly data on 30-year fixed-rate conventional mortgage rate and 10-year constant maturity Treasury yield for the period from April, 1971 to December, 2003 is used to test for the integration of the mortgage market with the broader capital markets. The article uses a more general concept of fractional heteroscedastic cointegration. Furthermore, an asymmetric errorcorrection mo...

The relationship between labour demand and job-to-job movement is investigated, both theoretically and empirically, at the macro level. It concentrates on the role of the employment regime (hiring, do-nothing or ® ring) and the hiring and ® ring costs. The exact upper bounds of the marginal hiring costs of an employed worker are derived, for which job mobility between two ® rms yields a positiv...

This chapter investigates the robustness of impulse response estimators to near unit roots and near cointegration in VAR models. We compare estimators based on VAR specifications determined by pre-tests for unit roots and cointegration as well as unrestricted VAR specifications in levels. Our main finding is that the impulse response estimators obtained from the levels specification tend to be ...

abstract in this paper, we examine relationship between financial intermediary development variables and values added of agricultural sector in iran during 1352 to 1385. the five indices derived from the banking system as a financial intermediary development indicators, that define in related to the agricultural sector, and with the introduction of statistic methods of factor analysis and its a...

We consider cointegration tests in the situation where the cointegration rank is deficient. This situation is of interest in finite sample analysis and in relation to recent work on identification robust cointegration inference. We derive asymptotic theory for tests for cointegration rank and for hypotheses on the cointegrating vectors. The limiting distributions are tabulated. An application t...