With the increasing interest in establishing directional etching methods capable of atomic scale resolution for fabricating highly scaled electronic devices, the need for development and characterization of atomic layer etching processes, or generally etch processes with atomic layer precision, is growing. In this work, a flux-controlled cyclic plasma process is used for etching of SiO2 and Si ...

Purpose The purpose of this in vivo study is to evaluate the acute clinical application of a multicomponent powder (Vitachelox®), including three naturally occurring standardized extracts rich in polyphenols (grape seed extract, green tea extract, oak wood/bark extract), on healthy volunteers by measuring prevention of any metal deposition within the stratum corneum (SC) following a 6-h exposur...

Since the last years, Focused Ion Beam (FIB) has been growing in popularity as a microand nanofabrication tool, especially because it has shown exceptional capabilities and very high precision in both milling and depositing materials at the nanometer scale. Being a sputtering (physical) process, milling by FIB can be realized over a wide variety of materials. On the contrary, deposition involve...

To meet the stringent requirements of interconnect metallization for sub-32 nm technologies, an unprecedented level of flux and energy control of film forming species has become necessary to further advance ionized physical vapor deposition technology. Such technology development mandates improvements in methods to quantify the metal ion fraction, the gas∕metal ion ratio, and the associated ion...

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) constitute one of the largest healthcare problems in the Western World. Grading of the disease severity is important to determine treatment strategy and to quantify the response to treatment. The Time Injection Curves (TICs) after injecting a contrast agent contain important information on the degree of inflammation of the bowel wall. However, respiratory and p...

We present time-of-flight measurements of the longitudinal energy spread of pulsed ultracold ion beams, produced by near-threshold ionization of rubidium atoms captured in a magneto-optical atom trap. Well-defined pulsed beams have been produced with energies of only 1 eV and a root-mean-square energy spread as low as 0.02 eV, 2 orders of magnitude lower than the state-of-the-art gallium liquid...

We report on bifurcate reactions on the surface of well-aligned Si(1-x)Ge(x) nanowires that enable fabrication of two different coaxial heterostructure nanowires. The Si(1-x)Ge(x) nanowires were grown in a chemical vapor transport process using SiCl(4) gas and Ge powder as a source. After the growth of nanowires, SiCl(4) flow was terminated while O(2) gas flow was introduced under vacuum. On th...

is well established in formulations for dry powder inhalation, as it overcomes problems of micronized drug particles often being cohesive and poorly flowable and hence, creating difficulties in powder handling and dosing. In carrier-based blends, micronized drug is adhered on the surface of the carrier and thus, is moved and dosed as if it were a larger particle. For nasal administration, parti...

Polyphosphate is a phosphate polymer which is effective for stain removal and prevention of stain deposition. Ultraphosphate belongs to the polyphosphate group and has a highly branched mesh-like structure. To evaluate stain control ability of ultraphosphate, we used HAP powder, glass-ionomer cement and detached human teeth for models of in vitro stain control experiments. When using HAP powder...