multi-criteria shortest path problems (mspp) are called as np-hard. for mspps, a unique solution for optimizing all the criteria simultaneously will rarely exist in reality. algorithmic and approximation schemes are available to solve these problems; however, the complexity of these approaches often prohibits their implementation on real-world applications. this paper describes the development ...

carbon sequestration into plants biomass, especially in fast growing trees is an easier and economically way for dropping off co2 from atmosphere. this study was carried out in order to investigate above-ground biomass of white poplar (populous alba, l.) plantations that was planted in fourdifferent plant spacing (0.5 × 0.5, 1×1, 2×2 and 4×4 m.) in chaharmahal and bakhtiari province in west of ...

to identify the high yielding lines with optimal characteristics, 40 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between ‘norstar’ (winter wheat) and ‘zagros’ (spring wheat) cultivars were examined using a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2014 at the research station of faculty of agriculture, university of tabriz, iran. the measured characters consisted of peduncle...

In this work we consider the important problem of energy balanced data dissemination in wireless sensor networks (WSN), where data are generated by the sensors and must be routed toward a unique sink. Sensors route data by either sending the data directly to the sink or in a multi-hop fashion by delivering the data to a neighboring sensor.We decompose the transmission range of sensors into conc...

We examine portage sites in the U.S. South, Mid-Atlantic, and Midwest, including those on the fall line, a geomorphologic feature in the southeastern U.S. marking the final rapids on rivers before the ocean. Historically, waterborne transport of goods required portage around the falls at these points, while some falls provided water power during early industrialization. These factors attracted ...

Generational garbage collection (GGC) is one of the most popular garbage collection techniques. GGC gains a performance advantage by performing minor collections on the younger objects in the heap, reducing the number of major collections of the whole heap. A promotion policy determines when an object moves from the younger generation to the older. The design of GGC has been justified by the pl...

In our previous paper [Ekren, Touzi and Zhang (2015)], we introduced a notion of viscosity solutions for fully nonlinear path-dependent PDEs, extending the semilinear case of Ekren et al. [Ann. Probab. 42 (2014) 204– 236], which satisfies a partial comparison result under standard Lipshitz-type assumptions. The main result of this paper provides a full, well-posedness result under an additional...

We study the problem of space-efficient polynomial-time algorithms for directed stconnectivity (STCON). Given a directed graph G, and a pair of vertices s, t, the STCON problem is to decide if there exists a path from s to t in G. For general graphs, the best polynomial-time algorithm for STCON uses space that is only slightly sublinear. However, for special classes of directed graphs, polynomi...

Introduction: The shapes produced on terrestrial surfaces that are continually subject to aeolian processes range in size from tiny ripples to giant draa [1]. The physical mechanism of the formation of ripples, the smallest of aeolian bedforms, is intimately related to saltation and reptation processes. Sand and granule ripples are typically tens of reptation path lengths wide and do not alter ...