PURPOSE This study investigated the potential association between fluoride exposure and behavior problems in children, as well as the prevalence of and risk factors for fluorosis. METHODS Children between the ages of 7 and 1 years (N = 197) were included in the study and were examined for dental fluorosis using the Modified Dean's Index. Parents of subjects completed and returned three questi...

The prevalence of dental fluorosis has increased since the 1930s in both fluoridated and nonfluoridated United States communities because of increased exposure to systemic fluorides. 1-4 Although the increase in dental fluorosis is of the mild and very mild categories and poses no immediate health problem, more severe levels are of esthetic concern and may threaten the continued use of systemic...

Chronic fluoride over-exposure during pre-eruptive enamel development can cause dental fluorosis. Severe dental fluorosis is characterized by porous, soft enamel that is vulnerable to erosion and decay. The prevalence of dental fluorosis among the population in the USA, India and China is increasing. Other than avoiding excessive intake, treatments to prevent dental fluorosis remain unknown. We...

An investigation was made into a disease involving skin pigmentation, keratosis of the hands and feet, dental discoloration, and generalized bone and joint pain, stiffness and rigidity, in the village of Bazhi, Zhijin County, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China. Measurements were made of the arsenic and fluoride levels of coal, water, air, food, urine and hair in Bazhi and a control vi...

Considering that blood fluoride concentration varies according to fluoride exposure and that dental fluorosis is related to the amount of enamel formed under a given fluoride dose, the present study investigated whether the fluorosis produced by an oscillating chronic fluoride dose would be similar to that caused by exposure to a constant dose, representing the mean of the oscillation during a ...

There has been public concern about children's intellectual performance at high levels of fluoride exposure, but few studies provide data directly to the question of whether low fluoride exposure levels less than 3.0 mg/L in drinking water adversely associated with children's intelligence. In this survey, we investigated the effects of low fluoride exposure on children's intelligence and dental...

An observational study was conducted to determine dietary fluoride intake, diet, and prevalence of dental and skeletal fluorosis of school age children in three fluorosis endemic districts of the Ethiopian Rift Valley having similar concentrations of fluoride (F) in drinking water (~5 mg F/L). The duplicate plate method was used to collect foods consumed by children over 24 h from 20 households...

Introduced to the commercial market 40 years ago, fluoride dentifrice now accounts for nearly all dentifrice purchased in the United States. During this same time, the prevalence and severity of dental caries has declined while dental fluorosis prevalence has increased. While the caries decline can be largely attributed to widespread fluoride dentifrice use, as well as many other sources of flu...

A survey was canted oat in two villages near Varanasi covering 2159 subjects. Dental mottling was observed in 24-91 per cent of the subjects but no case of skeletal fluorosis was detected. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was low in children below 5 yr of age but it sharply increased thereafter to a mn*imnm prevalence in the 11 to 15 yr age group. Among individuals beyond that age, there was ...

Fluoride is an essential microelement for human health. Statistically, smaller quantities (<1.0 mg/L) in drinking water are usually considered to have a beneficial effect on the rate of occurrence of dental caries, particularly among children, but excessive continuous exposure (>1.5 mg/L) to fluoride can give rise to a number of adverse effects, including dental fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis, i...