Wholesale electricity markets in many jurisdictions use a two-settlement structure: day-ahead market for bulk power transactions and real-time fine-grain supply-demand balancing. This paper explores trading demand response assets within this structure. We consider two approaches assets: (a) an intermediate spot with contingent pricing, (b) over-the-counter options contract. In the first case, w...

At present, the continuous increase of household electricity demand is strategic and crucial in management. Household consumers can play an important role this issue. The rationalization consumption might be achieved by using efficient Demand Response (DR) program. In paper a new methodology suggested combination data mining techniques namely K-means clustering, K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN) class...

Smart distribution networks (SDNs) plays a significant role in future power networks. Accordingly, the optimal scheduling of such networks, which include planning of consumers and production sections, inconsiderably concerned in recent research studies. In this paper, the optimal planning of energy and reserve of SDNs has been studied. Technical constraints of distribution network and power gen...

Microgrids are new technologies for integrating renewable energies into power systems. Optimal operation of energy sources in standalone micro-grids is an intensive task due to the continuous variation their output powers and intermittant nature. This work addresses optimum independent microgrid considering demand response program (DRP). An management model with two different scenarios has been...

This paper presents a novel concept of "smart distribution system expansion planning (SDEP)" which expands the concept of demand response programs to be dealt with the long term horizon time. The proposed framework, integrates demand response resources (DRRs) as virtual distributed generation (VDG) resources into the distribution expansion planning. The main aim of this paper is to develop and ...