A further commercially available encryption package for the IBM PC is analysed, and a simple breaking program is described.

Transport of proteins to the thylakoid lumen is accomplished by two precursor-specific pathways, the Sec and the unique Delta pH transport systems. Pathway selection is specified by transient lumen-targeting domains (LTDs) on precursor proteins. Here, chimeric and mutant LTDs were used to identify elements responsible for targeting specificity. The results showed that: (a) minimal signal peptid...

Alpha4 integrin or VLA4 (CD49d/CD29) is a multitask molecule with wide expression within and outside the hematopoietic system. Because targeted ablation of alpha4 integrin leads to embryonic lethality, to study its effects on adult hematopoiesis, we used animals with conditional excision of alpha4 integrin (alpha4Delta/Delta) in hematopoietic cells. In such animals, we previously documented wea...

BACKGROUND Gamma/delta T lymphocytes are thought to have a role in granulomatous immune responses at peripheral sites of antigen contact such as the gut, skin and lung. The aim of this study was to determine if gamma/delta T lymphocytes are increased in the peripheral blood of patients with active sarcoidosis. METHODS Peripheral blood from 21 untreated patients with a new presentation of sarc...

Lateral inhibition, mediated by Notch signaling, leads to the selection of cells that are permitted to become neurons within domains defined by proneural gene expression. Reduced lateral inhibition in zebrafish mib mutant embryos permits too many neural progenitors to differentiate as neurons. Positional cloning of mib revealed that it is a gene in the Notch pathway that encodes a RING ubiquiti...

We recall numerical criteria for Cohen–Macaulayness related to system of parameters and introduce monomial ideals König type which include the edge graphs. show that a ideal is if only its corresponding residue class ring admits whose elements are form $$x_i-x_j$$ . This provides an algebraic characterization use this special parameter systems study graphs order complex certain family posets. F...

Tooth enamel of nine Middle Miocene mammalian herbivores from Fort Ternan, Kenya, was analyzed for delta 13C and delta 18O. The delta 18O values of the tooth enamel compared with pedogenic and diagenetic carbonate confirm the use of stable isotope analysis of fossil tooth enamel as a paleoenvironmental indicator. Furthermore, the delta 18O of tooth enamel indicates differences in water sources ...

We prove a local monodromy theorem for p-adic differential equations on an annulus, answering a question of R. Crew. Specifically, suppose given a finite free module over the Robba ring (the ring of germs of functions analytic on some open p-adic annulus with outer radius 1) with a connection and a compatible Frobenius structure. We prove that the module admits a basis over a finite extension o...

By a topological ring we mean a ring X with a Hausdorff topology such that (x, y) 7→ x + y, x 7→ −x, (x, y) 7→ x · y are continuous. A morphism of topological rings is a continuous homomorphism of rings. An inverse system of topological rings is a family of topological rings Xi and a family of morphisms πi,j : Xi → Xj for i, j ∈ I with i ≥ j, such that when i ≥ j ≥ k, πi,k = πj,k ◦ πi,j . If Y ...

In proteins, the proline ring exists predominantly in two discrete states. However, there is also a small but significant amount of flexibility in the proline ring of high-resolution protein structures. We have found that this side-chain flexibility is coupled to the backbone conformation. To study this coupling, we have developed a model that is simply based on geometric and steric factors and...