OBJECTIVES Vector-borne diseases are still a major mortality factor in Africa and South-east Asia and effective mosquito repellents are therefore needed. An efficient and safe in-vitro assay system using artificial blood and skin substitute could facilitate the development of novel repellents, as most assays currently rely on human subjects or vertebrate whole blood. Moreover, examining the ski...

Recently, catnip, Nepeta cataria L. (Lamiaceae), essential oil has been formulated and marketed as an alternative repellent for protection against biting arthropods by several vendors. We isolated the major active components of catnip oil, E,Z- and Z,E-nepetalactone, and quantitatively measured their antibiting efficacy compared with the repellents N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) and chira...

The insect repellents 3535 (ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate or IR3535) and deet (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) were prepared as 20% solutions in absolute ethanol and evaluated for repellency against many mosquito species in Thailand under laboratory and field conditions using human subjects. In the laboratory, 0.1 ml was applied per 30-cm2 of exposed area on a volunteer’s forearm (0.66-0.67 m...

A model was developed using 167 carboxamide derivatives, from the United States Department of Agriculture archival database, that were tested as arthropod repellents over the past 60 yr. An artificial neural network employing CODESSA PRO descriptors was used to construct a quantitative structure-activity relationship model for prediction of novel mosquito repellents. By correlating the structur...

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that people travelling to or living in areas with Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks or epidemics adopt prophylactic measures to reduce or eliminate mosquito bites, including the use of insect repellents. It is, however, unknown whether repellents are effective against ZIKV-infected mosquitoes, in part because of the ethical concerns related to exposing a...

Background and Objective: Anopheles maculipennis is one of the most important species of mosquito that can cause serious public health problems worldwide and applying insecticides and synthetic repellents are the current methods used for its control. The continuous application of these chemicals increases the probability of resistance, reduces insecticide efficiency and causes environmental pro...

Long chain aliphatic methyl ketone series of C7-C15 were tested for repellency activity against the malaria transmitting mosquito Anopheles gambiae s.s. All methyl ketones produced a dose dependent (P < 0.001) repellency response with 2-tridecanone giving comparable protection efficacy to DEET at 10% and 1% concentrations. Aliphatic methyl ketones of C7-C10 had lower activity than those of C11-...