Both easily readable and obscure proof scripts can be found in the Mizar Mathematical Library (MML). Many authors do not want to invest additional e orts in improving readability of their deductions, once the computer accepts their scripts. In their opinion, text of the proofs are ignored by most of the readers and the readability is essential only at the top level of scripts where statements o...

This article provides the first comprehensive reconstruction and analysis of Hintikka’s attempt to obtain a measure of the information yield of deductive inferences. The reconstruction is detailed by necessity due to the originality of Hintikka’s contribution. The analysis will turn out to be destructive. It dismisses Hintikka’s distinction between surface information and depth information as b...

The tax law allows flow-through tax treatment for certain legal entities so that income is subject to tax only once—at the partner or shareholder level. The information return that flow-through entities file includes a Schedule K-1 that shows income, deductions, credits, and other items that are allocated to the owners. Flow-through treatment introduces complexity in auditing tax returns as flo...

Our knowledge of dinosaurs comes primarily from the fossil record. Notwithstanding the condition of these vestiges, paleontologists reconstruct early reptilian life by comparison to previously discovered specimens. When relics are missing, reasonable deductions are used to fill in the gaps.

In this paper, a general mode and theory of moving chelation boundary based isotachophoresis (MCB-based ITP), together with the concept of decisive metal ion (DMI) having the maximum complexation constant (lg Kmax) with the chelator, were developed from a multi-MCB (mMCB) system. The theoretical deductions were: (i) the reaction boundary velocities in the mMCB system at steady state were equal ...

Authors had reported before two dual Boolean algebras to understand the underlying logic of the genetic code structure. In such Boolean structures, deductions have physico-chemical meaning. We summarize here as these algebraic structures can help us to describe the gene evolution process. Particularly in the experimental confrontation has been found that most of the mutations of several protein...