It is commonly believed that the meaning of a formal declarative knowledge representation language is determined by its formal semantics. This is not quite so. This paper shows an epistemological ambiguity that arises in the context of logic programming. Several different logic programming formalisms and semantics have been proposed. Hence, logic programming can be seen as an overlapping family...

This paper explores VLSI synthesis and the role that traditional AI methods can play in solving this problem. VLSI synthesis is hard because interactions among decisions at different levels of abstraction make design choices difficult to identify and evaluate. Our knowledge engineering strategy tackles this problem by organizing knowledge to encourage reasoning about the design through multiple...

We discuss the extended LP environment of the project VEGA (knowledge validation and exploration by global analysis), a toolbox that supports the development and maintenance of declarative knowledge bases. The knowledge is represented in a declarative language that merges Horn logic with nite domains, sort hierarchies, functions, and integrity constraints. These KBs may contain problem-solving ...

The consideration of heterogenous knowledge sources for supporting decision making is key to accomplish informed decisions, e.g., about medical diagnosis. Consequently, merging different data from different knowledge bases is a key issue for providing support for decision-making. In this paper, we explore an argumentation context approach, which follows how medical professionals typically reaso...

Declarative memory is a central resource for reasoning processes. In line with the ACT-R theory, we assume that declarative memory is the basis for causal learning. Based on this assumption we conducted an experiment, showing that subjects’ confidence in causal predictions decreased if their causal knowledge is discredited. Moreover, confidence decreased not only for the causal knowledge that w...

This paper proposes a declarative language for knowledge representation (Ibn Rochd), and its environment of exploitation (DeGSE). This DeGSE system was designed and developed to facilitate Ibn Rochd writing applications. The system was tested on several knowledge bases by ascending complexity, culminating in a system for recognition of a plant or a tree, and advisors to purchase a car, for peda...

To reuse a problem-solving method, a knowledge engineer must know the assumptions about the structure of the knowledge roles inherent to the method. We construct a method ontology in order to formalize these assumptions. This ontology deenes the roles played by the knowledge in the inference process, and serves as an interface for the knowledge engineer to evaluate if an application domain conf...

Goals are used to define the behavior of (pro-active) agents. It is our view that the goals of an agent can be seen as a knowledge base of the situations that it wants to achieve. It is therefore in a natural way that we use Dynamic Logic Programming (DLP), an extension of AnswerSet Programming that allows for the representation of knowledge that changes with time, to represent the goals of the...

Math word problems form a natural abstraction to a range of quantitative reasoning problems, such as understanding financial news, sports results, and casualties of war. Solving such problems requires the understanding of several mathematical concepts such as dimensional analysis, subset relationships, etc. In this paper, we develop declarative rules which govern the translation of natural lang...

OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of concept mapping (CM) on the academic performance of medical students' in problem-solving as well as in declarative knowledge questions and their perception regarding CM. METHODS The present analytical and questionnaire-based study was carried out at Bahria University Medical and Dental College (BUMDC), Karachi, Pakistan. In this analytical study, stude...