Recent studies have revealed that BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutation-related breast cancers show frequent overexpression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), the key regulator of the hypoxia response. However, the question remained whether hypoxia is a late stage bystander or a true carcinogenetic event in patients with hereditary predisposition. We therefore studied HIF-1α overexpression in...

Understanding of the biology and clinical behavior of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is currently inadequate. The aim of this comprehensive review was to identify important molecular biological markers associated with DCIS and candidate markers associated with increased risk of ipsilateral recurrence after diagnosis of DCIS. A comprehensive systematic review was performed to identify studies p...

BACKGROUND Breast cancer incidence has decreased in the last decade, while the incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has increased substantially in the western world. The phenomenon has been attributed to the widespread adaption of screening mammography. The aim of the study was to evaluate the temporal trends in the rates of screen detected invasive cancers and DCIS, and to compare the ...

Metformin is associated with lower breast cancer risk in epidemiologic studies and showed decreased proliferation in HER2-positive breast cancer in a presurgical trial. To provide insight into its preventive potential, we measured proliferation by Ki-67 labeling index (LI) of intraepithelial lesions surrounding breast cancer. We randomly assigned 200 nondiabetic patients diagnosed with invasive...

Incidence rates of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) have increased rapidly over the past several decades largely due to the increased use of mammography. However, recent data from 1987 to 1999 indicate that invasive ductal carcinoma incidence rates have remained essentially constant, whereas rates of invasive lobular carcinoma have increased 65%, with greater...

Objective: To help physicians and patients arrive at the most clinically effective approach to the management of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Options: Mastectomy, wide-excision breast-conserving surgery (BCS) plus radiotherapy and BCS alone. Outcomes: Overall survival, local recurrence, cosmesis, complications of therapy. Evidence: Review of English language literature published between 197...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate invasion criteria in fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of histologically diagnosed breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive carcinoma and to evaluate their usefulness in identifying an invasive component in addition to DCIS. STUDY DESIGN The material consisted of 331 smears diagnosed as suspicious for or consistent with DCIS and in which histology had sho...

BACKGROUND A role for radiotherapy after mastectomy for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is unclear. Using a prospective audit of DCIS detected through the NHS Breast Screening Programme we sought to determine a rationale for the use of post mastectomy radiotherapy for DCIS. METHODS Over a nine year period, from 9972 patients with screen-detected DCIS and complete surgical, pathology, radiothe...

BACKGROUND Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a malignant proliferation of ductal epithelium confined by the basement membrane of the involved breast ducts. The aim of this study was to categorize positive findings of DCIS of the breast on sonography. METHODS From 2007 to 2011, 100 pathologically proven DCIS lesions were evaluated. Four sonographic patterns used to identify DCIS have been cha...

Seventy-one ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) patients were reported to the tumor registry at the National Naval Medical Center between 1986 and 1995. This number represents 6.5% of all breast cancer patients. We did not include the patients with microinvasion or infiltrating ductal carcinoma with extensive DCIS in this study. After excluding 16 cases because of inaccessable clinical records, 55 ...