conclusions taken together, these data reveal that cellular protease of chicken liver cells allows the replication of high yields of h9n2 virus in the absence of trypsin and also cell death in the infected cells is due to necrosis. results the degree of viability was significantly reduced in infected hepatoma cells. observations of caspase activation and cell dna laddering in infected cells wer...

PVFS is one of the most popular distributed file systems with parallelism, which is still widely used today. Now PVFS is in its version 2, called PVFS2. PVFS2 has a leading performance on I/O operations, but the reliability and stability are not as good. One of the reasons is the lack of data replication. This paper presents a new data replication scheme in PVFS2. In our approach, the backup op...

We present a new replication algorithm that supports replication of a large number of objects on a diverse set of nodes. The algorithm allows replica sets to be changed dynamically on a per-object basis. It tolerates most types of failures, including multiple node failures, network partitions, and sudden node retirements. These advantages make the algorithm particularly attractive in large clus...

In this paper, we present a distributed algorithm for dynamic data replication of an object in a distributed system. The algorithm changes the replication scheme, i.e., number of replicas and their location in the distributed system, to optimize the amount of communication. In other words, the algorithm dynamically adapts the replication scheme of an object to the pattern of read-write requests...

The number of mobile devices in use is exploding, and mobile devices are becoming more and more interconnected. As a result, users are demanding mobile access to their favorite applications as well as to new collaborative and group applications made possible by ad hoc networks of mobile clients. Many of these applications need to access data that is shared between multiple mobile clients. Optim...

Optimistic replication schemes provide distributed applications with access to shared data at lower latencies and greater availability. This is achieved by allowing clients to replicate shared data and execute actions locally. A consequence of this scheme raises issues regarding shared data consistency. Sometimes an action executed by a client may result in shared data that may conflict and, as...

Parallel file replication where a large file needs to be simultaneously replicated to multiple sites is an integral part of dataintensive grid environment. Current data transport mechanisms such as GridFTP is mainly created for point-to-point file transfer and not for parallel point-to-multipoint transfer (required in replication). This paper presents a tool that creates multiple distribution t...

Nowadays eager update everywhere replication protocols are widely proposed for replicated databases. They work together with recovery protocols in order to provide highly available and fault-tolerant information systems. This paper proposes two enhancements for reducing the recovery times, minimizing the recovery information to transfer. The idea is to consider on one hand a more realistic fail...

In this paper, we propose a data replication algorithm adaptive to unreliable environments. The data replication algorithm, named Adaptive Data Replication (ADR), has already an adaptiveness mechanism encapsulated in its dynamic replica placement strategy. Our extension of ADR to unreliable environments provides a data replication solution that is adaptive both in terms of replica placement and...

Thispaperpresentsasurveyofdatareplicationstrategiesincloudsystems.Basedonthesurveyand reviewsofexistingclassifications,weproposeanotherclassificationofreplicationstrategiesbasedon thefollowingfivedimensions:(i)staticvs.dynamic,(ii)reactivevs.proactiveworkloadbalancing, (iii)providervs.customercentric,(iv)optimalnumbervs.dynamicadjustmentof...