We compare an inverse-planning intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) technique with three previously published forward-planning dynamic arc therapy techniques and a newly implemented technique for treatment of prostate only. The three previously published dynamic arc techniques are dynamic arc therapy (DAT), two-axis dynamic arc therapy (2A-DAT), and modified dynamic arc therapy (M-DAT). The ...

The regulation of the dopamine transporter (DAT) impacts extracellular dopamine levels after release from dopaminergic neurons. Furthermore, a variety of protein partners have been identified that can interact with and modulate DAT function. In this study we show that DJ-1 can potentially modulate DAT function. Co-expression of DAT and DJ-1 in HEK-293T cells leads to an increase in [3H] dopamin...

The dopamine transporter (DAT) is a crucial regulator of dopaminergic neurotransmission, controlling the length and brevity of dopaminergic signaling. DAT is also the primary target of psychostimulant drugs such as cocaine and amphetamines. Conversely, methylphenidate and amphetamine are both used clinically in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy. The action...

Background The dopamine transporter (DAT) mediates dopamine (DA) reuptake once DA gets released into the synaptic cleft; thereby, the DAT regulates DA content available for synaptic transmission. Psychostimulants like amphetamines can induce the reverse operation and induce outward transport, thereby increasing extracellular dopamine concentrations. Increases of DA in the synaptic cleft are ass...

Dopamine transporter (DAT) deficiency, a recessive disorder due to mutations in the encoding SLC63 gene, was first described by Kurian et al. (2009, 2011). The typical phenotype originally reported was infantile dystonia-parkinsonism with a characteristic metabolic profile in the CSF, namely a raised homovanillic acid: 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (HVA:5-HIAA) ratio, usually in excess of 4.0. Pre...

The human dopamine transporter (DAT) has a tetrahedral Zn2+-binding site. Zn2+-binding sites are also recognized by other first-row transition metals. Excessive accumulation of manganese or of copper can lead to parkinsonism because of dopamine deficiency. Accordingly, we examined the effect of Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Cu2+ on transport-associated currents through DAT and DAT-H193K, a mutant with ...

ackground: (2S,3S)-2-(3-Chlorophenyl)-3,5,5,-trimethyl-2-morpholinol hydrochloride (radafaxine) is a new antidepressant that locks dopamine transporters (DAT). A concern with drugs that block (DAT) is their potential reinforcing effects and abuse liability. sing positron emission tomography (PET) we have shown that for DAT-blocking drugs to produce reinforcing effects they must induce 50% DAT b...

BACKGROUND Results of recent radioligand binding experiments suggest that chronic cocaine exposure increases dopamine transporter (DAT) synthesis throughout the striatum of humans. However, detection of cocaine binding site increases in animals and humans has varied depending on the radioligand used. The present experiment tested the hypothesis in cocaine-using humans that synthesis of midbrain...

Lanthanum (La) is considered a beneficial element, capable of inducing hormesis. Hormesis is a dose-response relationship phenomenon characterized by low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition. Herein we tested the effect of 0 and 10 μM La on growth and biomolecule concentrations of seedlings of four sweet bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) varieties, namely Sven, Sympathy, Yolo Wonder, and Zi...

Cocaine initiates its euphoric effects by binding to the dopamine transporter (DAT), blocking uptake of synaptic dopamine. It has been hypothesized that the DAT transmembrane aspartic acid residue D79 forms an ionic interaction with charged nitrogen atoms in both dopamine and cocaine. We examined the consequences of novel and previously studied mutations of the D79 residue on DAT uptake of [3H]...