This paper is devoted to the study of a stationary problem consisting of the Boussinesq approximation of the Navier–Stokes equations and two convection–diffusion equations for the temperature and concentration, respectively. The equations are considered in 3D and a velocity–pressure formulation of the Navier–Stokes equations is used. The problem is complicated by nonstandard boundary conditions...

Abstract Dy 3+ -doped YCa 4 O(BO 3 ) (Dy:YCOB) crystal was successfully grown by the Czochralski technique. The absorption cross section at 453 nm 0.28 × 10 –21 cm 2 , that is related to 6 H 15/2 ? I transition. Judd-Ofelt parameters ? t (t = 2, 4, 6) were 1.62 –20 0.10 0.41 respectively. emission assigned transition F 9/2 13/2 1.02 . energy level’s fluorescence lifetime 900 ? s.

The present Tutorial provides a description of the growth bulk β-Ga2O3 single crystals by Czochralski method with focus on critical aspects. In particular, it details thermodynamics Ga2O3 as key factor for crystal along comprehensive solutions that are essential size scale-up. Also, free carrier absorption is discussed, has great impact stability. direction and intentional doping, important fac...

The work is devoted to the creation of a virtual instrument in LabVIEW environment, which makes it possible simulate process growing crystal depending on technological parameters. As under consideration, we chose method single crystals by pulling them up from spare surface large volume melt with initiation onset crystallization introducing seed (or several crystals) given structure and crystall...

Four single crystals (Yb0.15Lu0.85xY0.85-0.85x)3Al5O12 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1) were grown by the Czochralski method. The correlation of host atom Lu:Y ratios with density and luminescence properties revealed. increases linearly increasing Lu3+ content, which will improve gamma ray cut-off ability. integrated intensity X-ray excited spectrum exponentially Y:Lu ratio, while decay time becomes even ...