BACKGROUND Tuberculosis incidence in resource poor countries remains high. We hypothesized that immune modulating co-infections such as helminths, malaria, and HIV increase susceptibility to latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), thereby contributing to maintaining the tuberculosis epidemic. METHODS Adults with sputum-positive tuberculosis (index cases) and their eligible household contacts (H...

Leptin, the product of the ob gene, regulates food intake, energy balance and lymphocyte functions. Receptor mutated animals have reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines. To analyze the direct effects of leptin (0.1 nM /1 mM) on cytokine production from colonic cells, we examined pro-inflammatory (IL-8, MCP-1, IL-6 and TNFalpha) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokine production in norma...

Background and Aims: Plants as medicines have always played a vital role in human life. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF)-α is one of the macrophage-derived inflammatory cytokine with pleotropic effects in the inflammation process. Some studies have been demonstrated that some of the Echinops species have anti-inflammatory activity. In fact, Echinops lasilepis is introduced as one of the ...

Background: The alteration of Th1 and Th2 cytokine levels is the subject of controversy in pleural effusions caused by malignancy, a situation that favors a Th2 immune response. Objective: To examine the different levels of IL-4 and IL-10 (Th2 cytokines), and IL-2 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) (Th1 cytokines) in malignant and non-malignant pleural effusions. Method: The cytokine levels in pleural fl...

Fibromyalgia (FMS) is a chronic pain syndrome with a complex but poorly understood pathogenesis affecting approximately 10 million adults in the United States. The lack of a clear etiology of FMS has limited the effective diagnosis and treatment of this debilitating condition. The objective of this secondary data analysis was to examine plasma cytokine levels in women with FMS using the Bio-Ple...

Abstract Background Risankizumab is a human monoclonal antibody directed against the cytokine IL-23. This drug commonly used for treatment of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis. about to get an indication in Crohn's disease and Ulcerative Colitis. Theradiag has just developed new rapid (results less than 40 minutes) innovative assays allowing quantification Risankizum...

Background & Objective: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with chronic inflammatory immune response. Current therapies mostly rely on glucocorticoids which are accompanied by side-effects and mostly fail to achieve a favorable remission. Th17 subpopulation of T cells is increased in exacerbated SLE as IL-17 cytokine is overexpressed. ...

background: repeated implantation failure (rif) is one of the most intricate obstacles in assisted reproduction. the cytokine and chemokine composition of uterine cavity seem to play important roles in the implantation process. objective: to compare the cytokine profile in the endometrium of normal fertile women and those with repeated implantation failure. methods: after enzymatic digestion of...