The present review update the relationship between acetaldehyde (ACE) and parkinsonism with a specific focus on the role of P450 system and CYP 2E1 isozyme particularly. We have indicated that ACE is able to enhance the parkinsonism induced in mice by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, a neurotoxin able to damage the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway. Similarly diethyldithiocarbamat...

BACKGROUND Dalfampridine extended release tablets (dalfampridine-ER, known as prolonged-, modified, or sustained-release fampridine tablets in some countries) are approved for the improvement of walking in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Dalfampridine-ER is an extended release formulation of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP). Dalfampridine-ER is incorporated into MS management strategies that may i...

Warfarin therapy is known to participate in numerous drug-drug interactions that may cause substantial fluctuations anticoagulation status. Rifampin a commonly used antibiotic also possesses the capability interact with multitude of medications, including warfarin, due its strong induction capabilities on CYP450 system, CYP2C9, CYP3A4, CYP1A2, and CYP2C19

Predictive models for drug safety are crucial for helping to avoid costly late-stage failures. We review recent work on models for genotoxicity, liver toxicity, CYP450 inhibition and cardiotoxicity. These models have improved somewhat in recent years, and research has expanded into new frontiers, such as the prediction of liver toxicity. However, much more needs to be done.:

Background. This study was to explore the pharmacokinetics of saxagliptin (Sax) in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats complicated with depression induced by chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS). The comorbidity of diabetic patients with depression is becoming more and more epidemic. Whether depression mental disorder alters the pharmacokinetics of hypoglycemic drugs in diabetes patients is not clear. Me...

Estradiol inhibits cardiac fibroblast growth and may protect against cardiac remodeling associated with heart disease. However, the mechanisms by which estradiol attenuates cardiac fibroblast growth remain unclear. Because cardiac fibroblasts express cytochrome P450s (CYP450s) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) capable of converting estradiol to hydroxyestradiols and methoxyestradiols, res...

Conventional in vitro human hepatic models for drug testing are based on the use of standard cell lines derived from hepatomas or primary human hepatocytes (PHHs). Limited availability, interdonor functional variability and early phenotypic alterations in PHHs restrict their use, whilst standard cell lines such as HepG2 lack a substantial and variable set of liver-specific functions such as CYP...