BACKGROUND CYP19 and PPARgamma are two genes expressed in the placental trophoblast that are important to placental function and are disrupted by phthalate exposure in other cell types. Measurement of the mRNA of these two genes in human placental tissue by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) offers a source of potential biomarkers for use in epidemiologic research. We repor...

Based on experimental and epidemiological evidence it is hypothesized that estrogen increases breast cancer risk by increasing mitotic activity in breast epithelial cells. Aromatase is crucial to the biosynthesis of estrogens and may therefore play a role in breast cancer development. Supporting data for an etiological role of aromatase in breast tumor biology are several-fold. First, the assoc...

A range of chemicals found in the aquatic environment have the potential to influence endocrine function and affect sexual development by mimicking or antagonizing the effects of hormones, or by altering the synthesis and metabolism of hormones. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the effects of chemicals interfering with sex hormone synthesis may affect the regulation of early ovaria...

Lifetime exposure to estrogen is a factor that plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of breast cancer. Genetic variants in genes of the biosynthesis and metabolism of estrogen have been associated with breast cancer risk. Among them, the CYP19 gene encodes for aromatase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of androgens to estrogens. The rs10046 polymorphism on the CYP...

Polyfluoroalkyl phosphate surfactants (PAPS) are widely used in food contact materials (FCMs) of paper and board and have recently been detected in 57% of investigated materials. Human exposure occurs as PAPS have been measured in blood; however knowledge is lacking on the toxicology of PAPS. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of six fluorochemicals on sex hormone synthesis and ...

INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is more common in females than males and sex steroid hormones may in part explain this difference. We conducted a case-control study nested within two prospective studies to determine the associations between plasma steroid hormones measured prior to RA onset and polymorphisms in the androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2), aromatase (CYP19) and...

Prostate cancer is a hormone-dependent cancer and its proliferation is stimulated by endogenous steroid hormones. Aromatase (CYP19) and 5a-reductase (SRD5A) are the key enzymes that synthesize these hormones. Aromatase converts androgens to estrogens and 5a-reductase converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. Natural compounds present in the Trichosanthes cucumerina L. delay prostate cancer ...

To determine the role of each estrogen receptor (ER) form (ER , ER ) in mediating the estrogen actions necessary to maintain proper function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, we have characterized the hypothalamic-pituitarygonadal axis in female ER knockout (ERKO) mice. Evaluation of pituitary function included gene expression assays for Gnrhr, Cga, Lhb, Fshb, and Prl. Evaluation of o...

Beijer, K. 2015. Azoles and Contaminants in Treated Effluents Interact with CYP1 and CYP19 in Fish. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 1255. 42 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-554-9248-9. Numerous contaminants are present in mixtures in the aquatic environment. Among these are the azoles, a group of chemic...