OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical stage (stable, unstable, deteriorating or dying) for children and young people (CYP) aged 0-25 years in Scotland with life-limiting conditions (LLCs). DESIGN National cohort of CYP with LLCs using linked routinely collected healthcare data. SETTING Scotland. PATIENTS 20 436 CYP identified as having LLCs and resident in Scotland between 1 April 2009 and ...

While several cellular proteins are incorporated in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virion, cyclophilin (CyP) A is the only one whose absence has been demonstrated to impair infectivity. Incorporation of the cytosolic protein results from interaction with a highly exposed Pro-rich loop in the N-terminal region of the capsid (CA) domain of the precursor polyprotein, Pr55(Gag). Even when ...

Background Interstitial lung disease and especially drug-induced interstitial lung disease can occur as a cause of drug(s) or drug-drug interactions. In this review we summarize the possible role of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in drug-induced interstitial lung disease. Recent findings The CYP enzyme family plays an important role in the metabolization of all sorts of ingested, injected or inh...

OBJECTIVE Cyclophosphamide (CYP), a cytotoxic anticancer drug, causes a substantial reduction in leukocytes numbers, called leukopenia. Leukopenia is a major predisposing factor to infections caused by opportunistic pathogens. The aim of the present study is to assess the effects of camel milk consumption against CYP-induced leukopenia and other toxic effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS CYP at a d...

The expression of acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) isoforms, ASIC1, ASIC2a, and ASIC3, was examined in the urinary bladder after cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis of varying duration (4 h, 48 h, and chronic). Immunohistochemical, Western blot, and quantitative PCR approaches were used to evaluate channel expression and effects of CYP-induced cystitis in whole urinary bladder and split-blad...

Cyclophosphamide (CPA) and ifosfamide (IFA) are widely used anticancer agents that require metabolic activation by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. While 4-hydroxylation yields DNA-alkylating and cytotoxic metabolites, N-dechloroethylation results in the generation of neuro- and nephrotoxic byproducts. Gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapies (GDEPT) have been suggested to facilitate local CPA and ...

The cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 gene is involved in the metabolism of several carcinogens and clinically important drugs, generating a high potential for pharmacokinetic interactions. Since no data are available for Tibetan aborigines, the present study aimed to investigate the distribution of variant CYP1A2 alleles in a population living in Tibetan region of China. Genotyping analyses of CYP1A2 ...

We had immobilized cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 and CYP reductase (CPR) onto a self-assembled phospholipid layer containing stearic acid (LDPE-StA-PC-SA) to confirm the functional interaction between CPR. The formation of resorufin from 7-ethoxy was observed by use film immobilizing CPR LDPE-StA-PC-SA. It clarified that fluidity LDPE-StA-PC-SA very important. actual activity did not depend on dens...

The objectives of this study were to compare the drug-metabolizing activity of human CYP2D6.24 (I297L), CYP2D6.26 (I369T), CYP2D6.27 (E410K) allelic isoforms with wild-type CYP2D6.1, and to express the CYP2D7 protein derived from an indel polymorphism (CYP2D7 138delT) and investigate its possible codeine O-demethylase activity. Successful creation of individual cDNAs corresponding to CYP2D6*24 ...

We present a relatively simple, abstract, yet mechanistically realistic, in silico intestinal device (ISID). Its design enabled exploration of the mechanistic details of absorption for passively absorbed compounds that are also dual substrates of drug-metabolizing enzymes (cyp) and transporters (pgp), including P-glycoprotein. cyp and pgp, functioning as validated analogs of their referents, ar...