Cyanobacterial blooms have been known since ancient times; however, they are currently increasing globally. Human and ecological health risks posed by harmful cyanobacterial recorded around the world. These mainly associated with their ability to affect ecosystem chain different mechanisms like production of cyanotoxins, especially microcystins. Their expansion effects led many researchers seek...

Eutrophication of surface waters caused by toxic cyanobacteria such as Microcystis aeruginosa leads to the release secondary metabolites called Microcystins (MCs), which are heptapeptides with adverse effects on soil microbiota, plants, animals, and human health. Therefore, avoid succumbing negative these cyanotoxins, various remediation approaches have been considered. These techniques involve...

Microcystins (MCs) are potent hepatotoxins, and their presence in water bodies poses a threat to wildlife and human populations. Most of the available information refers to plankton, and much less is known about microcystins in other habitats. To broaden our understanding of the presence and environmental distribution of this group of toxins, we conducted extensive sampling throughout Spain, un...

Toxic blooms of cyanobacteria, which can produce cyanotoxins, are prevalent in freshwater, especially South Korea. Exposure to cyanotoxins via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact may cause severe diseases. Particularly, toxic cyanobacteria their be aerosolized by a bubble-bursting process associated with wind-driven wave mechanism. A fundamental question remains regarding the aerosolizati...

Using satellite imagery to quantify the spatial patterns of cyanobacterial toxins has several challenges. These challenges include the need for surrogate pigments - since cyanotoxins cannot be directly detected by remote sensing, the variability in the relationship between the pigments and cyanotoxins - especially microcystins (MC), and the lack of standardization of the various measurement met...

Herbivore-plant interactions have been well studied in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems as they are crucial for the trophic transfer of energy and matter. In nutrient-rich freshwater ecosystems, the interaction between primary producers and herbivores is to a large extent represented by Daphnia and cyanobacteria. The occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms in lakes and ponds has, at least pa...