Polymorphisms in NOD2 confer risk for Crohn's disease, characterized by intestinal inflammation. How NOD2 regulates both inflammatory and regulatory intestinal T cells, which are critical to intestinal immune homeostasis, is not well understood. Anti-CD3 mAb administration is used as therapy in human autoimmune diseases, as well as a model of transient intestinal injury. The stages of T cell ac...

Objectives Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is an important complication of bone marrow transplantation. Recent reports suggest the significance T-cell subsets (Th1, Th17, and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells) as well CD163+ macrophages in development cutaneous GVHD. produce various chemokines to establish immunological microenvironment following stimulation by stromal factors lesional skin. Thus, purpos...

Background: CXC chemokines are induced by inflammatory stimuli in epithelial cells and some, like MIG/CXCL9, IP–10/ CXCL10 and I–TAC/CXCL11, are antibacterial for Streptococcus pyogenes. Methodology/Principal Findings: SpeB from S. pyogenes degrades a wide range of chemokines (i.e. IP10/CXCL10, I-TAC/ CXCL11, PF4/CXCL4, GROa/CXCL1, GROb/CXCL2, GROc/CXCL3, ENA78/CXCL5, GCP-2/CXCL6, NAP-2/CXCL7, ...

The upregulation of chemokine genes and the subsequent T-lymphocyte recruitment to the graft are early events in the development of acute cardiac transplant rejection or cardiac allograft vasculopathy. In the present study, a combined immunosuppressive regimen of C-X-C motif chemokine 9 (CXCL9) antibody (Ab), CXCL10 Ab and FTY720 was used in order to reduce the infiltration of memory T lymphocy...

Abstract INTRODUCTION Our group has developed a patented vaccine platform that combines an mRNA-nanoparticle with CXCL9 loaded polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel. The HCM is given SQ and recruits diverse immune cell population to deliver large payload of mRNA. objective these studies was evaluate the effects vaccination on TME. METHODS C57BL/6 mice underwent intracranial implantation KR158 or G...

BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a wide spectrum of diseases, ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which carries a significant risk of progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Since NASH is a progressive but reversible condition, it is desirable to distinguish NASH from simple steatosis, and to treat NASH patients at ...

BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous syndrome characterized by varying degrees of airflow limitation and diffusion impairment. There is increasing evidence to suggest that COPD is also characterized by systemic inflammation. The primary goal of this study was to identify soluble proteins in plasma that associate with the severity of airflow limitation in a ...

BACKGROUND Human African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma brucei, leads to neuroinflammation and characteristic sleep/wake alterations. The relationship between the onset of these alterations and the development of neuroinflammation is of high translational relevance, but remains unclear. This study investigates the expression of interferon (IFN)-γ and IF...

The CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) is predominantly expressed on T helper type 1 (Th1) cells that are involved in inflammatory diseases. The three CXCR3 ligands CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 are produced at sites of inflammation and elicit migration of pathological Th1 cells. Here, we are the first to characterize the pharmacological potencies and specificity of a CXCR3 antagonist, N-1R-[3-(4-eth...