The charge-pump (CP) mismatch current is a dominant source of static phase error and reference spur in the nano-meter CMOS PLL implementations due to its worsened channel length modulation effect. This paper presents a charge-pump (CP) mismatch current reduction technique utilizing an adaptive body bias tuning of CP transistors and a zero CP mismatch current tracking PLL architecture for refere...

The electricity market in the UK is undergoing dramatic changes and requires a transformation of existing practices to meet the current and forthcoming challenges. One aspect of the solution is the deployment of demand side management (DSM) programmes to influence domestic behaviour patterns for the benefit of the overall network. Effective deployment of DSM requires segmentation of the populat...

Common communication mode of electric energy data acquisition in power supply enterprise is PLC (power line carrier) or micro power wireless module with GPRS, but in the area with many mountains, disperse electric users, long distance to read meter, or rural power grid with GPRS or other mobile signal coverage limited, it is unable to realize automatic meter reading. WPLC takes advantage of sma...

PURPOSE To assess the clinical performance and usefulness of an on-line patient exposure meter installed on a neuroradiologic biplane imaging system. MATERIALS AND METHODS A commercial on-line patient exposure meter was installed on each plane of a biplane neuroradiologic imaging system. The meter computed skin exposures on the basis of selected technique factors (tube potential and current) ...

BACKGROUND Glucose meter analytical performance criteria required for safe and effective management of patients on tight glycemic control (TGC) are not currently defined. We used simulation modeling to relate glucose meter performance characteristics to insulin dosing errors during TGC. METHODS We used 29,920 glucose values from patients on TGC at 1 institution to represent the expected distr...

Weight function distributions for an electromagnetic flow meter with a non-insulating pipe are numerically simulated and verified. The weight function distribution is very important for solution of flow velocity of distribution. In this paper, a finite element method (FEM) is used for solving the weight function distribution for this novel electromagnetic flow meter. First of all, a numerical s...