Estimation of exposure-response relations from epidemiological data is complicated by the fact that exposures usually vary in intensity over time. Cumulative exposure indices, which do not separate the effects of intensity and duration, are commonly used to circumvent this problem. In this paper the estimation of relative risk for specific ranges of exposure intensity from such data is consider...

Due to the mathematical complexity of the Boltzmann equation for inelastic hard spheres, a kinetic model has recently been proposed whereby the collision rate (which is proportional to the relative velocity for hard spheres) is replaced by an average velocity-independent value. The resulting inelastic Maxwell model has received a large amount of recent interest, especially in connection with th...

Results of an experimental investigation of the seismic performance of prefabricated column-footing connections are presented. Tests were conducted on six 1/4-scale prefabricated column specimens inserted into prefabricated footings in two Groups. Group-1 consisted of four specimens, which were tested under constant axial load and cyclic inelastic lateral displacements. The remaining two specim...

Analysis of hadron production in nucleus-nucleus interactions up to and out of kinematical limit of free NN-collisions in the frame of FRITIOF model In the framework of the modified FRITIOF model, the inclusive spectra of the cumulative π 0-, π −-mesons and protons produced in the nucleus-nucleus interactions at 4.5 GeV/c/nucleon and 4.2 GeV/c/nucleon are calculated. It is shown that the model ...

We generate space-time coupled attosecond pulse trains with a 1.8 μm wavelength laser pulse using the ‘attosecond lighthouse’ technique. We show low divergence, spatially well-separated beamlets from low ionization potential gas media. We also find that there is little long trajectory contribution—only the short trajectory contribution is clearly visible for any beamlet. These results open a ne...

This work describes a cryogenic, electro-optically -switched Yb:YAG laser that generates 114-W average TEM power with 47% optical-to-optical efficiency. Pulse repetition frequency is 5 kHz, pulse duration is 16 ns full-width at half-maximum, and is less than 1.05.

The multiple impulse input is introduced as a substitute of the long-duration earthquake ground motion, mostly expressed in terms of harmonic waves, and a closed-form solution is derived of the elastic–plastic response of a single-degree-of-freedom structure under the “critical multiple impulse input.” Since only the free vibration appears under such multiple impulse input, the energy approach ...