the central issue in strategy formulation and implementation process, or strategy-making, is the identification of environmental forces and the preparation of a plan of action to deal with them. this necessitates scanning the environment for gathering information. environmental scanning should enable the firm to identify these forces. doing this not only calls for information gathering, but als...

A RECENT EDITORIAL in the New York Times makes disturbing reading. It says, in part:. .. the number of Americans without insurance. .. stood at 39 million even at the end of the booming 1990s. .. more than 2 million Americans lost their insurance last year. The soaring costs are driven, in part, by the biomedical revolution of the past decade, which has produced an array of expensive new treatm...

Th i s paper examines the r o l e of both ep isod ic memory and a b s t r a c t p lann ing knowledge in n a r r a t i v e comprehension. Many n a r r a t i v e s a re memorable f o r the a b s t r a c t p lann ing adv ice they c o n t a i n , u s u a l l y i n the form o f f a i l u r e s which n a r r a t i v e charac te rs exper ienced du r i ng e i t h e r p l a n n i n g , o r p l an execut...

One process to which ‘purpose’ can refer is that genes are self-replicating. Another process to which ‘purpose’ can apply is that genes set some of the goals for actions. These goals are fundamental to understanding emotion. Another process to which ‘purpose’ can apply is that syntactic multistep reasoning provides a route for goals to be set that are to the advantage of the individual, the phe...

Contrary to predictions from Expected Utility Theory and Game Theory, when making economic decisions in interpersonal situations, people take the interest of others into account and express various forms of solidarity, even in one-shot interactions with anonymous strangers. Research in other-regarding behavior is dominated by behavioral economical and evolutionary biological approaches. Psychol...

Should you sacrifice one man to save five? Whatever your answer, it should not depend on whether you were asked the question in your native language or a foreign tongue so long as you understood the problem. And yet here we report evidence that people using a foreign language make substantially more utilitarian decisions when faced with such moral dilemmas. We argue that this stems from the red...