the histology of digestive tract of caspian roach (rutilus rutilus caspicus) were studied for 53 days from hatching to fingerling size at the natural habitat of the larval stage. ages 1, 4, 10, 18, 28, 39 and 53 days after hatching (dah) were selected for the histological studies. after sampling and fixation with 10 percent formalin the histological process were conduct. the newly hatched larva...

BACKGROUND High pressures exerted by balloons and cuffs of conventional endotracheal tubes, the Combitube (Tyco Healthcare Nellcor Mallinckrodt, Pleasanton, CA), the EasyTube (Teleflex Ruesch, Kernen, Germany), the Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA North America, San Diego, CA), the Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway (Fastrach; LMA North America), the ProSeal (LMA North America), and the Laryngeal Tube ...

Despite recent national initiatives promoting the arteriovenous fistula as the initial, primary, and sole vascular access to be used by hemodialysis patients and recommending a decrease in the prevalence of tunneled cuffed catheters to less than 10%, the prevalence of tunneled cuffed catheters as hemodialysis access is increasing. This study describes the risks of tunneled cuffed catheters, exp...

This research posits a set of phonetic laryngeal features to account for the role of the epilarynx in laryngeal articulation. The focus is to move beyond a ‘glottal’ view of the larynx and beyond the lingual paradigm of pharyngeal articulation to a more ‘global’ view that integrates observations about how the epilaryngeal structure constitutes the locus of constriction in pharyngeal consonants,...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Surgery of the paranasopharyngeal space is very hazardous due to the position of the internal carotid artery, which is surrounded by soft tissue with few anatomical landmarks. STUDY DESIGN Fresh cadaveric study. METHODS In this study, we used the maxillary swing procedure to have a broad view of the internal carotid artery using an anterior approach. We sought to estab...

Background: Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) is a useful advent in the airway management, filling a niche between the face mask and the tracheal tube in terms of both the anatomical position and the degree of invasiveness. Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic agent which depresses both laryngeal and pharyngeal reflexes and provides profound relaxation of pharyngeal muscles. Incidences of gagging co...

BACKGROUND The air-Q Intubating Laryngeal Airway (ILA) (Cookgas LLC, Mercury Medical, Clearwater, FL) is a supraglottic airway device available in pediatric sizes, with design features to facilitate passage of cuffed tracheal tubes when used to guide tracheal intubation. We designed this prospective observational study of the ILA to assess the ease of its placement in paralyzed pediatric patien...

OBJECTIVE To investigate predictive factors for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) removal, thereby minimizing unnecessary PEG insertion in post-stroke dysphagia. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. PATIENTS A total of 49 patients who undertook PEG tube insertion for post-stroke dysphagia. METHODS Patients were divided into a removal group (n = 8) and a sustaining group (n = 41) dep...