Previous investigators have shown that observers' visual cue combination strategies are remarkably flexible in the sense that these strategies adapt on the basis of the estimated reliabilities of the visual cues. However, these researchers have not addressed how observers' acquire these estimated reliabilities. This article studies observers' abilities to learn cue combination strategies. Subje...

After presenting two cues, A and B, together, later pairings of one of the cues alone with an outcome can generate changes in the associative value of the absent cue. These changes can be in the same direction as the present cue (i.e., positive mediation) or in the opposite direction to the present cue (i.e., negative mediation). We found both mediational effects in a human contingency task. In...

Most theoretical accounts of backward blocking place heavy stress on the necessity of the target cue having been trained in compound with the competing cue to produce a decrement in responding. Yet, other evidence suggests that a similar reduction in responding to the target cue can be observed when the outcome is later paired with a novel cue never trained in compound with the target cue (inte...

Previous work has shown that detectability of motion is better when the observer knows ahead of time the direction of that motion ("certainty") than when he does not know the direction ("uncertainty"). We now report attempts to reduce this performance decrement associated with direction uncertainty. In these experiments, a briefly flashed, oriented line cued the observer to the direction of mot...

Objective: The purpose of this study is provide an historical arbitrary. The later models, however, assume that the nature context for current behavioral models of hypertension. Methof the eliciting stimulus is a determinant of the cardiovascular ods: A selective sample of the cardiovascular reactivity literaresponse. We describe the increasing complexity of the four ture was reviewed, from 193...

In this study, we examined the role of the hippocampus in relational memory by comparing item recognition performance in amnesic patients with medial temporal lobe (MTL) damage and their matched controls. Specifically, we investigated the contribution of associative memory to item recognition using a cued recognition paradigm. Control subjects studied cue-target pairs once, whereas amnesic pati...

Prospective memory (PM) represents the ability to successfully realize intentions when the appropriate moment or cue occurs. In this study, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to explore the impact of cue predictability on the cognitive and neural mechanisms supporting PM. Participants performed an ongoing task and, simultaneously, had to remember to execute a pre-specified action when they...

To test the hypothesis that the basal ganglia are related to reward-oriented saccades, we examined activity of substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) neurons by using a one-direction-rewarded version of the memory-guided saccade task (1DR). Many SNr neurons changed (decreased or increased) their activity after and before a visual cue (post-cue and pre-cue activity). Post-cue decreases or increa...

Although categorization and multiple-cue judgment are similar tasks, categorization models emphasize exemplar memory, while multiple cue judgment routinely is interpreted in terms of mental integration of cue weights that are abstracted in training. We investigate if these conclusions derive from genuine differences in the processes in the two tasks or are accidental to different research metho...