We recently reported several driver genes of biliary tract carcinoma (BTC) that are known to play important roles in oncogenesis and disease progression. Although the need for developing novel therapeutic strategies is increasing, there are very few BTC cell lines and xenograft models currently available for conducting preclinical studies. Using a total of 88 surgical BTC specimens and 536 immu...

OBJECTIVE To examine the issues surrounding the development and implementation of a behind-the-counter (BTC) category of medications. DATA SOURCES Testimony from organizations submitting comments to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) panel hearings in November 2007, the 2009 final report of the U. S. General Accounting Office regarding a BTC drug category, literature review of research th...

Silica gel/water adsorption cooling systems suffer from size, performance and cost limitations. Therefore, there is a need for new adsorbent materials that outperform silica gel. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are newmicro-porousmaterials that have extraordinary porosity and uniform structure. Due to the lack of published data that characterise MOF/water adsorption, this paper experimentally i...

Despite its high refractive index sensitivity, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectroscopy has been generally restricted to large biological analytes. Sensing of smaller molecules is a compelling target for this technique; in particular, LSPR spectroscopy could be utilized to detect hazardous or toxic gases and manage industrial processes involving gaseous chemicals. Here, we report...

In the title adduct, 3C(13)H(9)N·C(9)H(6)O(6) or (acr)(3)(btc), associ-ations of one btc and three acr molecules linked by O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds occur. C-H⋯O interactions also occur, resulting in a cyclic hydrogen-bonded synthon R(2) (1)(6). The acr mol-ecules and the btc mol-ecules also form slipped or offset π-π stacking inter-actions [centroid-centroid distances of 3.5212 (17) Å for btc rings...

PIK3CA mutation is considered a good candidate for targeted therapies in cancers, especially biliary tract cancer (BTC). We evaluated the utility of cell free DNA (cfDNA) from serum by using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) as an alternative source for PIK3CA mutation analysis. To identify matching archival tumour specimens from serum samples of advanced BTC patients, mutation detection using ddPCR ...

Gemcitabine is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent for advanced biliary tract carcinoma (BTC), although its efficacy is insufficient. Therefore, it is essential to establish new diagnostic methods, which can predict responders before the treatment. The aim of this study is to identify the most reliable chemoresistance marker to gemcitabine in BTC among the 4 molecules (hENT1, dCK, RRM1 and R...

Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is still a fatal disease with very poor prognosis. The lack of reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis and of effective therapeutic targets is a major demanding problem in diagnosis and management of BTC. Due to the clinically silent and asymptomatic characteristics of the tumor, most patients are diagnosed at an already advanced stage allowing only for a palliative t...

Catalytic behavior of isomorphously substituted B-, Al-, Ga-, and Fe-containing extra-large pore UTL zeolites was investigated in Knoevenagel condensation involving aldehydes, Pechmann condensation of 1-naphthol with ethylacetoacetate, and Prins reaction of β-pinene with formaldehyde and compared with large-pore aluminosilicate zeolite beta and representative Metal-Organic-Frameworks Cu3(BTC)2 ...

Retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) hold great potential for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases. However, their proliferation capacity and differentiation potential towards specific retinal neurons are limited, which limit their future clinical applications. Thus, it is important to improve the RPCs' ability to proliferate and differentiate. Currently, epidermal growth factor (EGF) is c...