The aim of this study was to determine the number and state of activity of cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) and their precursors (CTL-P) present in vivo during the early stages of viral infection. The local response to lethal infection with rabies virus was used as a model system that is not accessible to analysis by secondary activation in vitro. The local response to alloantigen served as a cont...

Compelling evidence now suggests that alphabeta CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) have an important role in preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and/or slowing progression to AIDS. Here, we describe an HIV type 1 CTL polyepitope, or polytope, vaccine comprising seven contiguous minimal HLA A2-restricted CD8 CTL epitopes conjoined in a single artificial construct. Epitope-spec...

Simian virus 40 large tumor (T) antigen contains three H-2Db-restricted (I, II/III, and V) and one H-2Kb-restricted (IV) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes. We demonstrate that a hierarchy exists among these CTL epitopes, since vigorous CTL responses against epitopes I, II/III, and IV are detected following immunization of H-2b mice with syngeneic, T-antigen-expressing cells. By contrast, a ...

Model checking is an automatic technique for the verification of temporal properties of a system. In this technique, a system is represented as a labelled graph and the specification as a temporal logic formula. The core of temporal logic model checking is the reachability problem, which is not expressible in first-order logic (FOL); as a result, model checking of finite/infinite state systems ...

BACKGROUND Insect hosts have evolved immunity against invasion by parasitoids, and in co-evolutionary response parasitoids have also developed strategies to overcome host immune systems. The mechanisms through which parasitoid venoms disrupt the promotion of host immunity are still unclear. We report here a new mechanism evolved by parasitoid Pteromalus puparum, whose venom inhibited the promot...

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses of splenic T cells from C57BL/6 B6) mice and mutant H-2Kbm1 (bm1) mice to haptenic (trinitrophenyl [TNP] ) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) determinants in the context of an allogenic (wild-type or mutant) H-2Kb molecule were analyzed in a modified limiting dilution system. In the B6-anti-bm1TNP mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR), estimated frequencies for precu...

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate lignin and mannanoligosaccharides as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in broilers. Dietary treatments for the 2 studies were 1) negative control (CTL-, antibiotic free); 2) positive control (CTL+, diet 1 + 11 mg of virginiamycin/kg); 3) mannanoligosaccharide (MOS; diet 1 + BioMos: 0.2% to 21 d and 0.1% thereafter); 4) LL (diet 1 + 1.25% Alce...

Penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mengembangkan modul pembelajaran dengan metode eksperimen dikaitkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari menggunakan pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah ikatan kimia berbasis (CTL) melalui dan menganalisis kualitas berdasarkan penilaian ahli materi, media, pendidik SMA/MA (reviewer) serta respon peserta didik terhadap kimia. Mod...

Background Exhaustion of CD8 + tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), characterized by the overexpression immune checkpoints (IC), is a major impediment to anti-tumor immunity. However, exhaustion status TILs in angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (AITL) remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed elucidate AITL and its influence on prognosis. Methods The correlation between IC expression was analyzed ...

Adoptive T cell therapy has been successfully used for treatment of viral and malignant diseases. However, little is known about the fate and trafficking of transferred Ag-specific T cells. Using the tetramer (TM) technology which allows for detection and quantification of Ag-specific CTL, we assessed the frequency of circulating Melan-A-specific CTL in advanced melanoma patients during adoptiv...