BACKGROUND The significance of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and neuroinflammation in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of soluble APP (sAPP) and amyloid beta (Aβ) isoforms, proinflammatory cytokines, and biomarkers of neuronal damage in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in relation to brain biopsy Aβ and h...

PURPOSE Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt or ventriculoatrial shunt is a common operation for treatment of hydrocephalus. Usually, shunt series (plain radiographs of the skull, neck, chest and abdomen) and brain computed tomography (CT) are used to monitor the status of hydrocephalus and VP shunt. However, does the result of a brain CT really reflect the status of the hydrocephalus and shunt func...

background & importance: acute epidural hematoma is a very rare complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion. the insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt can cause sudden decompression of the brain, subsequent to which epidural hematoma occurs due to csf drainage. to our knowledge, there are only a few cases of acute epidural hematoma in the literature which required acute evacuation....

Shunt infection is a morbid complication of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting. The catheters with a hydrophilic surface may impede bacterial adherence and thereby reduce catheter-related CSF infection.A retrospective study compared the occurrence of CSF infection related to use of either standard silastic catheters or hydrogel-coated ventricular catheters (Bioglide, Medtronic). The enrolment w...

Nineteen hydrocephalic patients were studied to determine factors affecting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow through shunts. This study was based on our previously reported method by which fluctuations in CSF flow through a shunt of from 0.01 ml min-1 to 1.93 ml min-1 were identified, each having its own rhythmic pattern. While CSF flow in a supine position was less than 0.01 ml min-1, head eleva...

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by gait disturbance, cognitive impairment and urinary incontinence that affect elderly individuals. These symptoms can potentially be reversed by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage or shunt operation. Prior to shunt operation, drainage of a small amount of CSF or "CSF tapping" is usually performed to as...

OBJECTIVE Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production rates influence shunt design and the care of children with hydrocephalus. Measurement of hourly CSF output through external ventricular drainage (EVD) reflects the CSF production. In the present study, hourly CSF outputs in children with hydrocephalus were measured while they were treated with EVD and correlated with the age, sex and body weight of...

OBJECTIVE Hydrocephalus is much more complex than a simple disorder of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation. Shunting primarily corrects disturbed fluid flow which may have an impact on cerebral blood flow and metabolism. We studied hydrocephalic patients before and after shunting to characterize changes in their CSF compensatory parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS We selected 25 patients and s...

Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus I read with great interest the article by Scollato et al entitled “Changes in Aqueductal CSF Stroke Volume in Shunted Patients with Idiopathic Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus.” In this study, the authors investigated whether there is a relationship between clinical outcome and changes in aqueductal CSF stroke volume (ACSV) in patients with idiopathic normal-pressure ...

Hydrocephalus is one of the most common diseases managed by pediatric neurosurgeons. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting has been the mainstay of durable treatment for hydrocephalus for many decades. There are two main categories of shunt designs for regulating the extent of CSF diversion: (1) Fixed-parameter valves and (2) adjustable valves. Furthermore, these valves can also function with and ...