Many bioscience fields employ high-throughput methods to screen multiple biochemical conditions. The analysis of these becomes tedious without a degree of automation. Crystallization, a rate limiting step in biological X-ray crystallography, is one of these fields. Screening of multiple potential crystallization conditions (cocktails) is the most effective method of probing a proteins phase dia...

The title benzyl Grignard reagent, [Mg2Br2(C7H7)2(C4H10O)2], was obtained by reaction of benzyl bromide with magnesium in diethyl ether, followed by crystallization from toluene. The asymmetric unit comprises one half-molecule, the structural dimeric unit being generated by inversion symmetry with an Mg Mg distance of 3.469 (2) Å. The Mg(II) atom exhibits a distorted tetrahedral coordination ge...

A new experimental approach based on infrared thermography is proposed in this paper for studying crystal growth kinetics in undercooled melts. The crystallization of a thin sample of an undercooled melt at constant bulk temperature is induced by a small crystal seed and the growth of the solid phase is observed using infrared camera. The recorded thermal images allow determining the position o...

Hematin crystallization is the primary mechanism of heme detoxification in malaria parasites and the target of the quinoline class of antimalarials. Despite numerous studies of malaria pathophysiology, fundamental questions regarding hematin growth and inhibition remain. Among them are the identity of the crystallization medium in vivo, aqueous or organic; the mechanism of crystallization, clas...

Viscosity has been determined during isothermal crystallization of an andesite from Tungurahua volcano (Ecuador). Viscosity was continuously recorded using the concentric cylinder method and employing a Pt-sheathed alumina spindle at 1 bar and from 1400°C to subliquidus temperatures to track rheological changes during crystallization. The disposable spindle was not extracted from the sample but...

A new route to the synthesis of highly b-oriented zeolite MFI films is demonstrated for the first time using ammonium salts as crystallization-mediating agents in secondary growth. The ammonium salts tailor the crystallization process and silicate-NH4(+) interactions dominate over TPA-NH4(+) interactions so that nucleation was effectively suppressed during secondary growth.

The fabrication and validation of the first semi-liquid nonprotein nucleating agent to be administered automatically to crystallization trials is reported. This research builds upon prior demonstration of the suitability of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs; known as `smart materials') for inducing protein crystal growth. Modified MIPs of altered texture suitable for high-throughput trials a...

INTRODUCTION Crystallization of actives in skin following topical application was suggested by studies in the 1950s and 1960s but is poorly understood. In contrast, the problem of crystallization of actives on skin and in transdermal formulations has been known for many years. AREAS COVERED With respect to crystallization in skin, this review describes early reports of a skin 'reservoir' and ...