CRYPTOCHROME (CRY) is the primary circadian photoreceptor in Drosophila. We show that CRY binding to TIMELESS (TIM) is light-dependent in flies and irreversibly commits TIM to proteasomal degradation. In contrast, CRY degradation is dependent on continuous light exposure, indicating that the CRY-TIM interaction is transient. A novel cry mutation (cry(m)) reveals that CRY's photolyase homology d...

recent technological improvements have extended the application range of dielectric permittivity biomass measurements to on-line monitoring of physiological changes during bacterial fermentations. in an industrial fermentation of bacillus thuringiensis, it is important to verify the intactness of bacterial plasmid content in all steps of culture. changes in certain plasmid resident properties o...

The use of Bacillus thuringiensis as a biopesticide is a viable alternative for insect control since the insecticidal Cry proteins produced by these bacteria are highly specific; harmless to humans, vertebrates, and plants; and completely biodegradable. In addition to Cry proteins, B. thuringiensis produces a number of extracellular compounds, including S-layer proteins (SLP), that contribute t...

Recent technological improvements have extended the application range of dielectric permittivity biomass measurements to on-line monitoring of physiological changes during bacterial fermentations. In an industrial fermentation of Bacillus thuringiensis, it is important to verify the intactness of bacterial plasmid content in all steps of culture. Changes in certain plasmid resident properties o...

Photolyases (PHRs) and cryptochromes (CRYs) belong to the same family known as blue-light photoreceptors. Although their amino acid sequences and corresponding structures are similar to each other, they exert different functions. PHRs function as an enzyme to repair UV-induced deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) lesions such as a cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) and a (6-4) photoproduct ((6-4)pp), wh...

Crops engineered to produce insecticidal crystal (Cry) proteins from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have revolutionised pest control in agriculture. However field-level resistance to Bt has developed in some targets. Utilising novel vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vips), also derived from Bt but genetically distinct from Cry toxins, is a possible solution that biotechnical com...

Infant cry is a mode of communication, for interacting and drawing attention. The infants cry due to physiological, emotional or some ailment reasons. Cry involves high pitch changes in the signal. In this paper we describe an ‘Infant Cry Sounds Database’ (ICSD), collected especially for the study of likely cause of an infant’s cry. The database consists of infant cry sounds due to six causes: ...

Strains of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are known to produce crystalline proteins (δ-endotoxins) concomitantly with sporulation during their stationary phase of growth, which are demonstrated as lethal to lepidopeterous, coleopeterous and dipterous insects in addition to mites, nematodes, protozoa and flukes. Upon ingestion, the δ-nascent endotoxin is an inactive protoxin complex of (Cry alone o...

Insecticidal crystal (Cry) proteins produced by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) target cells in the midgut epithelium of susceptible larvae. While the mode of action of Cry toxins has been extensively investigated, the midgut response to Cry intoxication and its regulation are not well characterized. In this work, we describe the secreted proteome (secretome) of primary mature midgut ...

Our laboratory has demonstrated previously that Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crystal (Cry) proteins present in the Cry5 and Cry6 subclades intoxicate free-living nematodes. In this study, we tested whether the expression of nematicidal Cry6A in transgenic plants provided protection against plant-parasitic nematodes. As bacterial codon usage is incompatible with expression in plants, two differen...