OBJECTIVE Rubella vaccine is not included in the immunization schedule in Myanmar. Although surveillance for outbreaks of measles and rubella is conducted nationwide, there is no routine surveillance for congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Therefore, we organized a study to assess the burden of CRS. METHODS From 1 December 2000 to 31 December 2002 active surveillance for CRS was conducted amon...

It is well known that chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. In fact, studies have shown that cardiovascular event rates and allcause mortality increase as a function of CKD as determined by decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate and presence of microalbuminuria. In recent years, the term cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) has been proposed t...

Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is an extensive procedure with considerable morbidity. Since only few hospitals perform CRS + HIPEC, this might lead to confounded outcomes between hospitals when audited. This study aims to compare outcomes between peritoneally metastasized (PM) colon cancer patients treated with CRS + HIPEC and patients undergoi...

BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a highly prevalent inflammatory disease with significant impacts on patient quality of life and daily productivity. Evaluating the volume of research on CRS, relative to similar chronic diseases, may provide insight into current disparities in research prioritization. METHODS A systematic review was performed using Ovid MEDLINE (R) (1970 - December 3...

AIM To determine levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in different cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) modalities and to compare findings to some already investigated direct and indirect parameters of inflammation and atherosclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Testing involved 114 examinees, divided into control and clinical groups suffering from different modalitie...

OBJECTIVE Child restraint system (CRS) is designed to protect children from injury during motor vehicle crash (MVC). However, there is no regulation or enforcement of CRS use in Saudi Arabia. This study estimated the prevalence of CRS use and identified patterns of child transportation in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a self-administered questionnaire was distri...

OBJECTIVE to examine parents' use of child restraint systems (CRS), and determine if parents' knowledge of, attitude toward, and use behavior of child restraint systems have improved following enactment of child restraint use laws in other cities. DESIGN Observations and a cross-sectional survey of drivers transporting children 17 years and under were conducted at the gate of the schools and ...

BACKGROUND Rubella, though a mild, vaccine-preventable disease, can manifest with severe teratogenic effects in the fetus labeled as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) due to primary maternal rubella infection. Despite a reduction in disease burden of several vaccine-preventable diseases through childhood immunization, CRS continues to account for preventable severe morbidity including childhood...

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a frequent chronic condition, which has origins in complex interactions between genetic, immunological and microbial factors. The role of auto-immunity in CRS remains unclear, although recent studies have started to emerge in CRS patient refractory to maximal medical management. We discuss the possible auto-immunity link between CRS and other skin diseases, in pa...