this study investigated cross-cultural differences in the privacy regulation and perception of crowding amongtwo iranian sub-cultures (kurdish and northern women).the primary purpose of this study was to examine whether northern and kurdish women differed in their desired and achieved levels of privacy in parks. the second purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the d...

Crowding refers to the phenomenon in which nearby distractors impede target processing. This effect is reduced as target-distractor distance increases, and it is eliminated entirely at a distance that is labeled the critical spacing point. Attention, distractor preview, and popout are each known to facilitate processing in crowded displays. Eight experiments examined whether this is accomplishe...

In this paper, a hybrid particle swarm evolutionary algorithm is proposed for solving constrained multi-objective optimization. Firstly, in order to keep some particles with smaller constraint violations, a threshold value is designed, the updating strategy of particles is revised based on the threshold value; then in order to keep some particles with smaller rank values, an infeasible elitist ...

This paper suggests a dynamic multi-colony multi-objective artificial bee colony algorithm (DMCMOABC) by using the multi-deme model and a dynamic information exchange strategy. In the proposed algorithm, K colonies search independently most of the time and share information occasionally. In each colony, there are S bees containing equal number of employed bees and onlooker bees. For each food s...

INTRODUCTION This study aimed at investigating the applicability of a polynomial function laterally, combined with a parabola or hyperbolic cosine function in the front, for mandibular curve-fitting purposes in late mixed dentition patients with crowding. The possible advantages of using a bilateral center of gravity for curve construction were examined. METHODS After digitizing 30 mandibular...

We propose a new evolutionary multi-objective optimization (EMO) algorithm based on chaotic evolution optimization framework, which is called as multi-objective chaotic evolution (MOCE). It extends the optimization application of chaotic evolution algorithm to multiobjective optimization field. The non-dominated sorting and tournament selection using crowding distance are two techniques to ensu...

In reliability-based and cost-oriented product optimization, the target product reliability is apportioned to subsystems or components to achieve the maximum reliability and minimum cost. Main challenges to conducting such optimization design lie in how to simultaneously consider subsystem division, uncertain evaluation provided by experts for essential factors, and dynamic propagation of produ...

Crowding in public transport is becoming a growing concern as demand grows at a rate that is outstripping available capacity. To capture the user benefits associated with reduced crowding from improved public transport, it is necessary to identify the relevant dimensions of crowding that are meaningful measures of what crowding means to travelers. There are a number of objective and subjective ...