Tests for recent infection (TRIs), such as the BED assay, provide a convenient way to estimate HIV incidence rates from cross-sectional survey data. Controversy has arisen over how the imperfect performance of a TRI should be characterised and taken into account. Recent theoretical work is providing a unified framework within which to work with a variety of TRI- and epidemic-specific assumption...

OBJECTIVE This study examined whether neighbourhood level socioeconomic variables have an independent effect on reported child behaviour problems over and above the effect of individual level measures of socioeconomic status. DESIGN AND SETTING Multilevel analysis of cross sectional survey data relating individual level child behavioural problems and parental measures of socioeconomic status ...

This study investigated level and sources of stress among university students in different areas like Taiwan, NZ, USA and China. The study was a cross sectional survey and the population comprised convenient samples. A questionnaire was designed by the researchers and validated through expert judgment. The data collected were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and ANOVA for the research q...

BACKGROUND Providers of psychological therapies are encouraged to offer patients choice about their treatment, but there is very little information about what preferences people have or the impact that meeting these has on treatment outcomes. METHOD Cross-sectional survey of people receiving psychological treatment from 184 NHS services in England and Wales. 14,587 respondents were asked abou...

Links have been established between organizational identification and the way employees behave in the workplace. Amidst stiff competition and an urgent need to improve employee productivity it would benefit organizations to know what fosters organizational identification among employees. Consequently, this study purposed to investigate the influence of employee personality and strategic leaders...

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to explore tobacco control-related education of health profession students and demonstrate variations according to course of study. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey of 154 of third year nursing, pharmacy, medical and dental students in a tertiary institution in Lagos, Nigeria. The validated Global Health Professional Students survey questionnai...

The National League for Nursing (2009) states that nurse educators must commit to diversity in education by reviewing practices that favor and exclude students. First generation college students (FGCS) have a background that may hinder success and require support to overcome barriers in a nursing programincluding mobile device acceptance. A cross-sectional survey of 37 students showed significa...

Our aim in this study was to investigate the relationships among a calling orientation, work role fit, psychological meaningfulness and work engagement of teachers in Zambia. A quantitative approach was followed and a cross-sectional survey was used. The sample (n = 150) included 75 basic and 75 secondary school teachers in the Choma district of Zambia. The Work Role Fit Scale, Work-Life Questi...

Over the last few decades, increasing attention has been paid to the issue of well-being among the elderly, and life satisfaction has been used as an indicator to evaluate older people’s life conditions, reflecting multiple and broad domains. This paper sheds some light on this topic with reference to Italy, a country characterized by an increasing ageing population. The aim is to examine life ...

Cross-sectional studies are epidemiological design which can be considered as descriptive or analytical designs depending on the general objective. This is a quickly and economical allows to calculate prevalence of condition. Also, relationship temporality between exposition outcome being measured simultaneously unique period, not possible identify directionality in temporality. When there an a...