background nowadays, productivity and efficiency are considered a culture and a perspective in both life and work environments. this is the starting point of human development. objectives the aim of the present study was to investigate the performance of hospitals affiliated to mashhad university of medical sciences using the pabon lasso model. methods the present study was a descriptive-analyt...

Abstract: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a mathematical programming method for the assessment of relative efficiency of a set of Decision Making Units (DMUs) that use several inputs to produce several outputs. It measures the efficiency of each Decision Making Unit (DMU) by maximizing the ratio of virtual output to virtual input with the constraint that the ratio does not exceed one for eac...

The performance of a supply chain can be evaluated in either a cross-sectional or a time series manner, and data envelopment analysis is a useful method for both types of evaluation. In this paper we develop an index and indicator of productivity change that can be used with radial and non-radial models for supply chain malmquist index. The supply chain malmquist productivity index (SCMPI) can ...

Cross-layer design of network protocol stacks is important for wireless networking applications due to limited resources. Although much has been proposed in the literature, little experimental cross-layer work has been done. Even less has been done concerning actual designs for such cross-layer network stacks. This paper presents X-Layer, an implementation of a “cross-layer” network stack for w...

Cross-layer design of network protocol stacks is important for wireless networking applications due to limited resources. Although much has been proposed in the literature, little experimental cross-layer work has been done. Even less has been done concerning actual designs for such cross-layer network stacks. This paper presents X-Layer, an implementation of a “cross-layer” network stack for w...

A set of design variables is used to define balancing market design. Performance criteria are defined and the market designs are evaluated using weights and scores for each performance criterion. It is concluded that solutions based on trading between Balancing Service Providers and Transmission System Operators will reduce socio-economic welfare. Major causes for this result are a reduction of...

In the present chapter some prototype gas and gas-surface processes occurring within the hypersonic flow layer surrounding spacecrafts at planetary entry are discussed. The discussion is based on microscopic dynamical calculations of the detailed cross sections and rate coefficients performed using classical mechanics treatments for atoms, molecules and surfaces. Such treatment allows the evalu...

The construction of regional independent innovation system is the base for development of regional economy and improvement of competition capability. The main aim of this article is measure the efficiency of regional independent innovation system. Based on the framework of independent innovation system theory, the involved factors and indexes were indentified in this paper. Moreover, taking 17 ...

The estimation of HIV incidence from cross-sectional surveys using tests for recent infection has attracted much interest. It is increasingly recognized that the lack of high performance recent infection tests is hindering the implementation of this surveillance approach. With growing funding opportunities, test developers are currently trying to fill this gap. However, there is a lack of conse...