there is an inherently political activity in all transactions, therefore, it is considered as one of the constituent elements of the organizations and has attracted the attention of management researchers. although political behavior can have positive or negative consequences, much of the research focuses its dark side. this type of behavior creates a divisive and damaging work environment that...

the population consisted of 2202 students of college of agriculture and natural resources, university of tehranm karaj. 118 of students were selected by stratified random sampling. a questionnaire was developed to gather required data. the content validity of the questionnaire was established by faculty members at department of agricultural extension and education, university of tehran. a pilot...

The aim of study is to develop a valid and reliable scale in order determine problems encountered by teachers distance education process. Survey research method was used the study. sample consists 411 working different branches recitation with at 2019-2020 academic years. In this study, it teachers’ determination consist 47 items as data collection tool. validity scale, content, construct face ...

the main objective of this descriptive- suvey research was to analyze components of quality of e-learning in the iranian agricultural higher education. the statistical population of the study consisted of the graduate students of iranian agricultural colleges (n=8541), out of which 286 people determined as sample using cochran formula and proportionate stratified sampling technique. the data we...

OBJECTIVES To assess the reliability and validity of the Brazilian version of the Attentional Function Index. METHOD Methodological study. The sample was made up of 138 students from an undergraduate nursing course. The psychometric properties were assessed through the convergent construct validity, using the Brazilian version of the Attentional Function Index and the Portuguese-language vers...

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the children’s active play imagery questionnaire. Methods. For this purpose, 190 athletic children of the average age of 11.5 years were chosen through random sampling and they completed the Persian version of the children’s active play imagery questionnaire (CAPIQ). At ...

the objective of this descriptive- survey research was to analysis challenges of commercialization of agricultural research in iranian agricultural colleges. the statistical population of the study consisted of faculty members of iranian agricultural colleges (n= 1837) out of which 150 faculty members determined as sample using cochran formula and multi steps sampling technique. this study was ...

This study aimed to investigate and compare pre-service teachers’ self-confidence in technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) concerning their gender, department, owned digital technologies. To achieve this goal, the survey method was conducted as part of a quantitative design. Participants consisted 252 teachers from four different concentrations: physics, chemistry, biolo...

BACKGROUND Neck pain is a highly prevalent condition resulting in major disability. Standard scales for measuring disability in patients with neck pain have a pivotal role in research and clinical settings. The Neck Disability Index (NDI) is a valid and reliable tool, designed to measure disability in activities of daily living due to neck pain. The purpose of our study was the translation and ...