Stackelberg games have been used in several deployed applications to allocate limited resources for critical infrastructure protection. These resource allocation strategies are randomized to prevent a strategic attacker from using surveillance to learn and exploit patterns in the allocation. Past work has typically assumed that the attacker has perfect knowledge of the defender’s randomized str...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of G‑protein‑coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) in long‑term 17β‑estradiol (E2) deprivation (LTED) in a rat model with global cerebral ischemia (GCI), and its therapeutic target for ischemic stroke in the clinical setting. Following bilateral ovariectomy, GCI was induced in rats 1 or 10 weeks post‑surgery. To determine the protein and mRNA expre...

Understanding the causal mechanisms that determine recruitment success is critical to the effective conservation of wild fish populations. Although recruitment strength is likely determined during early life when mortality is greatest, few studies have documented age-specific mortality rates for fish during this period. We investigated age-specific mortality of individual cohorts of two species...

The Scaling Law for the Discrete Kinetic Growth Percolation Model The critical exponent of the total number of finite clusters α is calculated directly without using scaling hypothesis both below and above the percolation threshold pc based on a kinetic growth percolation model in two and three dimensions. Simultaneously, we can calculate other critical exponents β and γ, and show that the scal...

Circadian rhythms control a variety of physiological processes, but whether they may also time brain development remains largely unknown. Here, we show that circadian clock genes control the onset of critical period plasticity in the neocortex. Within visual cortex of Clock-deficient mice, the emergence of circadian gene expression was dampened, and the maturation of inhibitory parvalbumin (PV)...

We extend the theory of quasipotentials in dynamical systems by calculating an exact potential for the critical fluctuations of pitchfork bifurcations of period-doubling maps in the weak noise limit. These far-from-equilibrium fluctuations are described by finite-size mean field theory, placing their static properties in the same universality class as the Ising model on a complete graph. We dem...

Binocular vision is shaped by experience during a critical period of early postnatal life. Loss of visual acuity following monocular deprivation is mediated by a shift of spiking output from the primary visual cortex. Both synaptic and network explanations have been offered for this heightened brain plasticity. Direct experimental control over its timing, duration, and closure has now been achi...