Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a heterogeneous disease. Different classification criteria for symptomatic KOA (SKOA) have been proposed. Determining the prevalence and comparing different of SKOA in patients with knee pain will serve as base when studying predictive ability these longer perspective. Objectives: To study individuals according to three criteria: American College Rheumat...

Meniscus injuries are a common cause of knee pain, accounting for one sixth of knee surgeries. Tears are the most common form of meniscal injuries, and have poor healing ability primarily because less than 25% of the menisci receive a direct blood supply. While surgical treatments have ranged from total to partial meniscectomy, meniscal repair and even meniscus transplantation, all have a high ...

A 46-year-old man, who was left-hand dominant with known paraplegia due to tuberculosis spondylitis, presented with complaints of progressively increasing weakness and instability of the left upper limb for the past 2 years. The patient had difficulty using his left upper limb for activities of daily living such as eating, combing his hair, and maneuvering his wheelchair. On examination, the le...

Rostral mandibular and maxillary factures are the most common type of fractures sustained to the head of the horse. They are most often seen in younger animals with deciduous or mixed deciduous and permanent dentition. These injuries are frequently seen to arise from falls or kicks, biting behavior with tie-up chains, or involvement with window bars or mangers. Rare cases are iatrogenic from de...

Rare occurrence and often misdiagnosed clinically ,we report a case of 42 year old male patient with very unusual diagnosis of superolateral dislocation of intact mandibular condyle bilaterally following traumatic insult to the mandible. Diffuse edema in the chin area and a left lateral deflection of the mandible, including an open bite and a crepitation in the Right parasymphyseal region. Thre...

To the Editor: Leprosy (Hansen disease) is a slowly progressive, infectious, chronic granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae; it can be complicated by the appearance of lepra reactions.1 The skin and superficial peripheral nerves are most frequently affected.1 Although its worldwide prevalence has fallen,1 leprosy continues to be a health problem due to its ability to cause permane...

F embolism syndrome (FES), caused by the release of fat globules into the systemic circulation, is characterized by a constellation of cerebral, pulmonary, cutaneous, and hematological symptoms of variable severity. The presentation varies from asymptomatic or with mild respiratory distress to a catastrophic clinical scenario with a triad of symptoms that include dyspnea, petechial hemorrhages ...

This paper rehabilitates effective protection. In general equilibrium, the usual definition (the percentage change in value added per unit induced by the tariff structure) corresponds to no economically interesting magnitude. The effective rate of protection for sector j is defined here as the uniform tariff which is equivalent to the actual differentiated tariff structure in its effect on the ...