the credit portfolio management and the optimal credit portfolio selection are identified as one of the most effective factors in banks’ credit risk. two main strategies in this regard include diversification versus concentration. in this study, at first, the status of diversification of iran’s banking sector is analyzed, then the relationship between diversification of the credit portfolio and...

the letter of credit as a method of smoothing international payment is a conditional security and obligation to pay the customer bank (issuing bank) to seller (applicant). for this purpose, the letters of credit may be considered as the most usual method of payment of goods price in international trade. the classic form of letters of credit is the commercial letters of credit whose financial ob...

This study introduces an inventory system with a non-instantaneous deteriorating product credit facility and variable demand depending on the selling price. Two different prices are considered in deterioration non-deterioration periods. Shortages partially backlogged dependent length of customers’ waiting time upto arrival fresh lot. Alternative trade-credit policy is applied herein, several ca...

The deterioration rate is a significant aspect of perishable goods. Since items will always deteriorate, there are effective methods for reducing the deterioration. Furthermore, in existing inventory control literature, often viewed as an exogenous component. Keeping this problem mind, article develops system from retailer’s perspective which: (i) controllable factor and suggests new fresh qual...

Abstract This study investigates the relationship between credit availability and household consumption using a novel approach to separate demand supply. We find that deterioration in local-bank health reduces consumption, with strongest effects occurring for households are more likely need credit—especially those experiencing negative income shock having limited liquid assets. The main contrib...

1 Background Credit cards have been widely used in the USA. The industry has matured so much that most households hold many credit cards and most consumers use credit cards as means of payment. They usually maintain their records on credit cards. In the USA, a total amount of credit card balances is about $700 billion. Because of the wide usage of credit cards, the term of cards is becoming a m...

www.philadelphiafed.org R eports in the popular press and policymakers’ concerns about student loans have greatly intensified in recent years because of rising student loan balances and defaults. Even greater cause for concern arose as student loans outstanding passed credit card debt to become the single largest nonmortgage household debt in 2012. Worries about the risk of massive default have...

a r t i c l e i n f o This study empirically identifies the factors which explain the bank credit to the businesses in varying financial environments and emerging global challenges. With the major focus on supply side this study uses the ARDL econometric approach using annual data from the period 1971 to 2010 for Pakistan. The empirical results indicate that the foreign liabilities, domestic de...