As the usage of credit card has increased the credit card fraud has also increased dramatically. Existing fraud detection techniques are not capable to detect fraud at the time when transaction is in progress. Improvement in existing fraud detection is necessary. In this paper Hidden Markov model is used to detect the fraud when transaction is in progress. Here is shown that hidden markov model...

n a typical day, the total value of payments settled by the Federal Reserve’s Fedwire Funds Service exceeds $1.8 trillion. On average, credit extended to banks using Fedwire is about $30 billion over the course of the day, while the peak intraday amount reaches $86 billion. Given this high level of credit extensions, it is worthwhile asking whether payment settlements could be managed with a lo...

As a countermeasure to the greenhouse effect, afforestation in arid areas has been proposed and tested in an arid area of Western Australia. According to the CDM/JI guidelines set by UNFCCC, the sequestrated carbon amount accountable as carbon credit was estimated in this study. First, the sequestrated carbon amount by planted trees was measured by repeated tree censuses. Second, the land use t...

This study investigates on the relationship between demographic factors and the usage of Islamic credit card as well as Conventional credit card demonstrates their interdependencies. The debatable issues as been addressed by many authorities not only in terms of the numbers of credit card flooding the nation’s economy, but the amount of transactions that end up with payment default and the numb...

We present novel results that relate energy and information transfer with sensitivity to initial conditions in chaotic multi-dimensional Hamiltonian systems. We show the relation among Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, Lyapunov exponents, and upper bounds for the Mutual Information Rate calculated in the Hamiltonian phase space and on bi-dimensional subspaces. Our main result is that the net amount of ...

The outbreak of Avian Influenza in Nigeria has led to job losses, health problems, reduction in expected income of poultry farmers and a decrease in the demand for poultry products. This study was designed to determine the monetary value of stock lost, identify the determinants of the future employment decisions and the constraints faced by poultry farmers in the Federal Capital Territory of Ni...

The aim of this paper is to present a model based on Multilayer perceptron neural networks to recognize bad or good credit customers. Credit risk is one of the major problems in banking sector. Banks are faced with credit Risk while doing their tasks. Credit risk is the probability of non-repayment of bank loan granted to lenders. Decreasing Credit Risk, banks may perform better duties and resp...

Recent evidence shows that many Sub-Saharan African farmers use modern inputs, but there is limited information on how these inputs are financed. We use recent nationally representative data from four countries to explore input financing and the role of credit therein. A number of our results contradict "conventional wisdom" found in the literature. Our results consistently show that traditiona...

The reduction of greenhouse gases (GHGs), including carbon dioxide (CO2 ), has become one of the most serious issues in the world today to build a sustainable world. Digital economy have several contributions to the reduction of GHG emissions. Among them,Carbon credits is one of the most important and effect approach to reducing the amount of GHG emissions, where carbon credits are generated by...

Many factors innuence the performance of a learned classiier. In this paper we study diier-ent methods of measuring performance based on a uniied set of cost models and the eeects of training class distribution with respect to these models. Observations from these eeects help us devise a distributed multi-classiier meta-learning approach to learn in domains with skewed class distributions, non-...