The Link between R&D, Innovation and Productivity: Are Micro Firms Different?* We analyze the link between R&D, innovation, and productivity in MSMEs with a special focus on micro firms with fewer than 10 employees; usually constituting the majority of firms in industrialized economies. Using the German KfW SME panel, we examine to what extent micro firms are different from other firms in terms...

Governance of Cloud-hosted Web Applications

Though more and more researchers have realized the importance of creativity in software development, there are few empirical studies reported on this topic. In this paper, we present an exploratory empirical research in which several issues on creativity in software development are studied, that is, which development phases are perceived to include more creative work, whether or not UML-based d...

In this paper we argue that successful information systems development requires creative problem solving skills, and present two cognitive factors, selfefficacy, and creative self-efficacy, and one affective factor, playfulness, as three key personal factors that aid creative problem solving during information systems development (ISD). A research model to support our argument is constructed sy...

The primary clocks CS1, CS2 and CS3 of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) have contributed to the realization of International Atomic Time, TAI (Temps Atomique International), throughout 1999. Their operation, their performance and the uncertainty with which they realized the International System of Units (SI) second are described in some detail, together with the results and assoc...