The spectacular nature of bitcoin price crashes baffles market spectators and prompts routine warnings from regulators cautioning that cryptocurrencies behave in contra to the fundamental properties traditionally define what constitutes money. Arguably most concerning public is, first, bitcoin’s unprecedented volatility relative other asset classes and, second, its seemingly detached behavior t...

Abstract We empirically capture boardroom backscratching, or cronyism, as when a firm's Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and directors concurrently receive excessive remuneration. argue that backscratching can inhibit board's constructive criticism monitoring, resulting in greater likelihood of bad news hoarding. Using 14,104 US firm‐year observations spanning 1999–2020, we document significant po...

BACKGROUND In Iran more than 25% of crash fatalities belong to motorcycle operators and passengers in the recent years, from which about 20% are related to passenger fatalities. METHODS The aim of this study was to investigate the motorcycle operator and passenger characteristics as well as other contributory factors that may affect the fatality risk of motorcyclists involved in traffic crash...