A critical part of any risk assessment is identifying how to represent exposure to the risk involved. Recent research shows that the relationship between crash count and traffic volume is non-linear; consequently, a simple crash rate computed as the ratio of crash count to volume is not proper for comparing the safety of sites with different traffic volumes. To solve this problem, we describe a...

A crash avoidance database structure that is based on driver judgments is proposed. The structure comprises four driving conflict states (low risk, conflict, near crash, and crash) that correspond with advisory warning, crash-imminent warning, and crash mitigation countermeasures. The feasibility of this database structure is investigated by answering two questions: (a) Can the driving states b...

OBJECTIVE The lack of race information for nonfatal motor vehicle crash injuries in the United States has limited the understanding of racial disparities in motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). In this article, we describe a pilot surveillance project in Nebraska that linked crash reports and driver's license records to investigate racial disparity among nonfatal MVC injuries. METHODS The project li...

This research involves the development of a tool that can be used to assess the changes in traffic safety tendencies that result from changes in traffic flow. The tool uses data from single inductive loop detectors, converting 30-second observations of volume and occupancy for multiple freeway lanes into traffic flow regimes. Each regime has a specific pattern of crash types, which were determi...

6 Organizations like Mozilla, Microsoft, and Apple are flooded with thousands of automated crash reports per day. Although crash reports contain valuable information for debugging, there are often too many for developers to examine individually. Therefore, in industry, crash reports are often automatically grouped together in buckets. Ubuntu’s repository contains crashes from hundreds of softwa...

Kdump is a kexec based kernel crash dumping mechanism, which is being perceived as a reliable crash dumping solution for Linux R ©. This paper begins with brief description of what kexec is and what it can do in general case, and then details how kexec has been modified to boot a new kernel even in a system crash event. Kexec enables booting into a new kernel while preserving the memory content...

This paper examines insider trading during the October, 2008 stock market crash. I show that inside traders did not sell big losers before the crash. However, insiders bought in very large numbers immediately after the crash, and were especially active buyers in small firms, high book-to-market firms, and high-beta firms. The insiders who bought during this period successfully predicted post-cr...

Crash dumps have become an important source for software developers to learn quality issues in released software. Since a same bug can be repeatedly triggered by different users, an overwhelming number of crash dumps are returned daily. Techniques for automatically grouping crash dumps are mostly based on call stacks captured at crash sites; although fast, they can incorrectly group irrelevant ...

Per vehicle crash involvement rates were compared for otherwise identical vehicle models with and without electronic stability control (ESC) systems. ESC was found to affect single-vehicle crashes to a greater extent than multiple-vehicle crashes, and crashes with fatal injuries to a greater extent than less severe crashes. Based on all police-reported crashes in 7 states over 2 years, ESC redu...

STUDY OBJECTIVES Early high school start times may contribute to insufficient sleep leading to increased teen crash rate. Virginia Beach (VB) and Chesapeake are adjacent, demographically similar cities. VB high schools start 75-80 minutes earlier than Chesapeake's. We hypothesized that VB teens would manifest a higher crash rate than Chesapeake teens. METHODS The Virginia Department of Motor ...