http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.01.011 0003-3472/© 2016 The Association for the Study of A Tool-assisted percussion is an ancient feature of human technology. Tool-assisted percussion is not uniquely human; chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, longtailed macaques, Macaca fascicularis aurea, and capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.) use stone tools to crack open encased foods. The knowledge of how t...

Grain feeding often causes a decrease in ruminal pH, and experiments were conducted to define the role of pH in regulating the acetate to propionate ratio and production of CH4. Cows that were fed 90% concentrate had lower ruminal pH values (6.22 vs. 6.86), higher VFA concentrations (85 vs. 68 mM), and lower acetate to propionate ratios (2.24 vs. 4.12) than did cows that were fed forage only. W...

It has been observed during fatigue cracking of AA 7075-T651 that a small percentage of Al7Cu2Fe particles crack during manufacturing or very early in their life. Some of the cracked particles eventually nucleate cracks into the surrounding microstructure, and among these the number of cycles required for nucleation varies widely. It is important to comprehend the mechanics underpinning the obs...

Background: The results of the previous studies on the effects of mint on cracked nipple are contradictory. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of mint tea bag, mint cream and breast milk on the healing of cracked nipple during lactation. Methods: This study was a clinical trial with a control group , pre and post-test design conducted in health centers of Hamadan Univer...

to compare three various methods in the diagnosis of dentinal cracks formed in the apical third after root resection.one hundred extracted human maxillary central incisors were selected. the root canals were prepared with step-back technique. then 3mm from the apical end of all roots was cut perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth. the apical end of each root was evaluated to make sure ther...