Simone Pigolotti, Massimo Cencini, Daniel Molina, Miguel A. Muñoz 1 Biological Complexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology and Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495. 2 Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy. 3 BCAM Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Alameda de Mazarredo 14, E-48009 Bilbao, Basque Count...

In 2009, the National Research Council (NRC) released the latest in a series of advisory reports on human health risk assessment, titled Science and Decisions: Advancing Risk Assessment. This wide-ranging report made a number of recommendations related to risk assessment practice at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency that could both influence and be influenced by evolving toxicological pr...

BACKGROUND The National Research Council (NRC) Committee on Improving Risk Analysis Approaches Used by the U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) recommended that low-dose risks be estimated in some situations using human variability distributions (HVDs). HVD modeling estimates log-normal distributions from data on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variables that affect individual sensiti...

OLISSIPO (Omnis Latinitatis Instrumentum Secundum Scholarum Instructionis Propositum Ordinatum) is a prototype developed by the Centro de Estudos Clássicos of the University of Lisbon and the Istituto di Linguistica Computazionale of CNR in Pisa, thanks to a common research project in the framework of the scientific agreement between the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR – Italy) and the ...

Over the past year, a series on commentaries have appeared in the Toxicological Sciences Forum Series related to the 2007 National Research Council (NRC) publication, Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and A Strategy. The first article in the series provided an overview of the vision and was accompanied by an editorial by the three editors of Toxicological Sciences. During the past ...

What is it famous for? While being the main UK government's agency for funding biomedical research, it is probably best known for having nurtured British molecular biology in Cambridge in the golden decade of the 1950s — whence came the double helix model of DNA (James Watson and Francis Crick), the first amino-acid sequence of a protein (insulin, Fred Sanger), and the first three-dimensional p...

HID lamps are used in applications where high luminous intensity is desired. They are used in a wide range of applications from gymnasiums to movie theatres, from parking lots to indoor aquaria, from vehicle headlights to indoor gardening. They require ballasts during start-up and also during operation to regulate the voltage and current levels. Electronic ballasts have advantages of less weigh...