There are many examples of Prevention through Design (PtD) that illustrate current business practices. These examples and PtD concepts should be promoted to other businesses as being a favorable way to enhance their performance and improve their bottom line. The benefits, both tangible and intangible, should be identified and communicated to businesses in a way that is consistent with other bus...

AIMS The EndoCost study aims to calculate the costs of endometriosis from a societal perspective. METHODS This multicentre, prevalence-based cost-of-illness analysis aggregates data on endometriosis costs and quality of life from a prospective hospital questionnaire and from both retrospective and prospective patient questionnaires. The EndoCost study comprises 12 representative tertiary care...

OBJECTIVE To quantify the economic impact of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) on the employer. METHODS Data were collected from 374 women aged 18-45 with regular menses. Direct costs were quantified using administrative claims of these patients and the Medicare Fee Schedule. Indirect costs were quantified by both self-reported days of work missed and lost productivity at work. Regression analyses ...

BACKGROUND U.S. occupational lead standards have not changed for decades, while knowledge about lead's health effects has grown substantially. OBJECTIVE The objective of this analysis was twofold: to estimate the attributable annual societal costs of health damages associated with occupationally lead-exposed U.S. workers and, more broadly, to develop methods for a fuller valuation of health d...

BACKGROUND Disease modifying treatments (DMTs) are the main responsible for direct medical costs in multiple sclerosis (MS). The current investigation aims at evaluating possible associations between healthcare costs for treating relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) and disease evolution. METHODS The present cohort study retrospectively included 544 newly diagnosed RRMS patients, prospectively follo...

BACKGROUND Social inequalities in health are a characteristic of almost all European Welfare States. It has been estimated, that this is associated with annual costs that amount to approximately 9% of total member state GDP. We investigated the influence of inequalities in German health care utilization on direct medical costs. METHODS We used longitudinal data from a representative panel stu...

• Cancer has an inverse expenditure/disease burden ratio, accounting for 19% of all deaths and premature deaths (the highest of any disease group) and 7% of healthcare costs. As 65% of those costs are for inpatient services, greater investment in cancer prevention and early detection, as outlined in this submission, would reduce hospital costs while addressing the increasingly disproportionate ...

BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is an important contributor to both the burden and cost of national healthcare expenditures, with more older Americans hospitalized for HF than for any other medical condition. With the aging of the population, the impact of HF is expected to increase substantially. METHODS AND RESULTS We estimated future costs of HF by adapting a methodology developed by the Ame...

BACKGROUND ME/CFS is characterized by debilitating fatigue in addition to other physical and cognitive symptoms. It is estimated to affect over 800,000 adults in the U.S. ME/CFS often results in diminished functionality and increased economic impact. The economic impact of an illness is generally divided into two categories: direct and indirect costs. Despite high prevalence rates and the disab...