Pain serves an important protective role. However, it can also have debilitating adverse effects if dysfunctional, such as in pathological pain conditions. As part of the thalamocortical circuit, the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) has been implicated to have important roles in controlling nociceptive signal transmission. However studies on how TRN neurons, especially how TRN neuronal subtypes...

Early maternal separation has profound effects on nociception in rats. Cross-fostering is a standard husbandry procedure used by some commercial breeders. This study aimed to determine if cross-fostering altered nociception and the analgesic efficacy of buprenorphine and morphine. At seven and nine weeks of age, an elevated plus maze was used to assess anxiety and Hargreaves apparatus was used ...

Despite the subjective nature of pain experience with cognitive and affective dimensions, preclinical pain research has largely focused on its sensory dimension. Here, we examined the relationship between learning/memory and nociceptive behavior in rats with combined learning impairment and persistent nociception. Learning impairment was induced by bilateral hippocampal injection of a mixed Aβ ...

Nerve regeneration and the occurrence of three neuropeptides; i.e. substance P (SP), calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and galanin (GAL), were studied during healing of tendon rupture in the rat by semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry. The neuronal findings were related to nociception as assessed by hindpaw withdrawal latencies at thermal and mechanical tests. Experimental rupture of rat...

In addition to its effect on reproductive organs, estrogen exhibits complex effects on brain structure, function and behavior. In this regard, the influence of gonadal hormones especially estrogens on nociception has recently been accepted. Soybean is known as an important phytoestrogen containing plant that is used as an alternative for estrogen replacement therapy. In this study, the influenc...

Objective- To compare the effects of topical eye-drop and subconjunctival administration of diclofenac on improvement of experimental corneal alkali wound in rabbits eyes. Design- Experimental study. Animal- fifteen rabbits. Procedures- Alkali wounds were inflicted on the central corneas of 15 rabbits which we...

Key Points  Medical and surgical therapies should address both primary and secondary SCI.  Nociception is a key prognosticator for outcome in SCI.  Benefit of high dose corticosteroids is minimal and significant complications are possible.  Surgery is indicated for paretic animals with intact nociception, animals with worsening neurologic status, or those with unstable fractures or spinal c...

Background: To evaluate the agreement in intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements by Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) and Tono-Pen XL (TXL) with the Goldmann Applanation Tonometer (GAT) and to examine corneal biomechanical properties in aphakic glaucoma patients with a central corneal thickness (CCT) >600 µ. Methods: Thirty-six eyes of aphakic glaucoma patients (group 1) and 40 eyes of normal chil...

Objective(s): Stress alters sensory and cognitive function in humans and animals. Angiotensin (AT) receptors have demonstrated well-established interactions in sets of physiological phenomena. AT1 receptors can play a part in stress-induced activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis; besides angiotensinergic neurotransmission plays a pivotal role in stress-evoked physiological resp...