In order to analyse the relationship between intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) usage and Candida infection, we planned to examine cytologically the cervico-vaginal smears of 600 patients stained with Papanicolou method. Among 56 IUCD users 8 women had Candida infection (14%) while 44 of 544 non-users (8%) were infected by this fungus. Our detailed analyses indicated that the prolonged us...

An intrauterine contraceptive device (iucd) is a widely acceptable reversible method of contraception for spacing of births. We determined the efficacy and safety of immediate postpartum iucd insertion during cesarean section. One hundred twenty two women with term pregnancies delivering by cesarean section between January 2012 to June 2013 were included in the study. A copper iucd (cu T380A) w...

OBJECTIVES This study was undertaken to determine whether 400 mg of prophylactic ibuprofen can alleviate pain from insertion of an intrauterine device (IUD) and to measure level of pain with improved techniques. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 2019 first-time IUD users: 1008 women received placebo and 1011 women received 400 mg of ibuprofen. P...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to evaluate the pregnancy and complication rates of this new device, with its increased area of copper, in comparison with other published results, in the clinical setting of British general practice and family planning clinics. DESIGN Doctors working in general practice and at family planning clinics throughout the UK who collaborate in the UK Family P...

During perimenopause, i. e. immediately prior to menopause until the end of the first year after a woman’s last menstruation, fertility has not entirely ceased. Ovulation may occur spontaneously thus effective contraception is still necessary especially if a pregnancy is not desired. No contraceptive method is contraindicated only because of the advanced age.Therefore, perimenopausal women can ...

BACKGROUND Post-abortion contraceptive use in India is low and the use of modern methods of contraception is rare, especially in rural areas. This study primarily compares contraceptive use among women whose abortion outcome was assessed in-clinic with women who assessed their abortion outcome at home, in a low-resource, primary health care setting. Moreover, it investigates how background char...

The IUD (intra uterine device) is a highly effective method of contraception that is underused. New developments in intrauterine technology, smaller frameless copper and levonorgestrel-releasing devices, could help increase the prevalence-- of use in adolescents and nulliparous women. Because adolescents and young nulliparous women contribute disproportionately to the epidemic of unintended pre...

BACKGROUND Evidence from observational studies suggests an increased risk of HIV acquisition among women using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) contraception. METHODS Within the context of a South African programme to increase women's access to the intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD), we conducted a pragmatic, open-label, parallel-arm, randomised controlled trial (RCT) of the IUD ...

BACKGROUND Long-acting reversible contraceptives such as intrauterine devices (IUDs) are highly effective in preventing pregnancy, cost effective, and increasing in popularity. It is unclear whether changes in IUD use are associated with changes in rates of irreversible tubal sterilization. In this analysis, we evaluate changes in rates of tubal sterilization, insertion of copper or levonorgest...