Copper is an integral component of various enzymes, necessary for mitochondrial respiration and other biological functions. Excess copper is related with neurodegenerative diseases as Alzheimer and is able to modify cellular redox environment, influencing its functions, signaling, and catabolic pathways. Tryptophan degradation through kynurenine pathway produces some metabolites with redox prop...

AIM The aim of the study is to investigate the galvanic corrosion potential of metal injection molding (MIM) brackets to that of conventional brackets under similar in vitro conditions with nickel-titanium and copper nickel-titanium archwires. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five maxillary premolar MIM stainless steel brackets and 25 conventional stainless steel brackets and archwires, 0.16 inch...

UNLABELLED Hepatic copper determination is an important test for the diagnosis of Wilson's disease (WD). However, the method has not been standardized, the diagnostic accuracy has not been evaluated prospectively, and the optimal cut-off value remains controversial. Accordingly, we aimed to prospectively evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of hepatic copper content, as determined using the entire ...

The Electrochemical Society Interface • Spring 1999 FIG. 1. Cross section of a 6-level copper wiring structure fabricated by IBM showing wiring hierarchy. n-chip interconnections comprise a multilevel structure of fine wiring located on the top of the transistor circuitry of logic or memory chips, whose role is to connect circuits together as shown in Fig. 1. To avoid significant degradation of...

Seasonal changes in herbage elements (Cu, Mo, S, Fe), pasture growth, and soil moisture were measured and their relationships with liver Cu concentration in weaner heifers (n=10–12) and breeding cows (n=10–12) were determined on 7 commercial farms in the Wairoa region. Liver biopsy samples were collected at 2 to 4 monthly intervals and herbage and soil moisture monthly from spring 1996 to sprin...

A high flux thin-film nanocomposite membrane epoxy/ zeolite NaA nanocomposite films prepared by using ultrasonic mixing and spin coating. The synthesized nanocomposites film was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravity analysis (TGA), and FTIR spectroscopy. Water softener and water flux characteristics of the epoxy/ zeolite NaA nanocomposite ...

The combination of chiral preparative HPLC separation, VCD measurements, and theoretical calculations allows the unambiguous determination of the absolute configuration of the conformationally flexible products of copper-catalyzed carbene insertion reactions. DFT calculations were used to predict the stereochemical outcome of the copper-bis(oxazoline)-catalyzed C-H insertion reaction between me...

A method in combination of acid leaching, chemical exchange and ferrite process was applied to recycle copper and confer higher chemical stability to the sludge generated from etching process in printed circuit board industry. Ninety-five percent copper could be recycled in the form of powder from the sludge. Moreover, not only the wastewater after chemical exchange can be treated to fulfill th...

Isolated power supply for telecom/datacom applications 3 IC equalizes gigabit copper-cable links 12 DESIGN IDEAS DAC/µP supervisor combination improves analog I/O reliability 15 Industrial AC-switch debouncer isolates input and output 17 Multiplexer enables pseudo-multidrop RS-232 transmission 19 Solid-state circuit converts temperature to voltage 20 Measuring threshold voltages 21 Notch filter...

A mild, efficient and regioselective method for para-amination of activated arenes has been developed through a combination of iron and copper catalysis. A diverse range of products were obtained from an operationally simple one-pot, two-step procedure involving bromination of the aryl substrate with the powerful Lewis acid iron(III) triflimide, followed by a copper(I)-catalysed N-arylation rea...