In economic models where uncertainty is driven by a diffusion process, the smoothness of agents’ value functions and the existence of optimal strategies play a crucial role in the analysis. This paper shows, firstly, that the value function for the optimal control of any timehomogeneous, one-dimensional diffusion is twice continuously differentiable under Lipschitz, growth, and non-vanishing vo...

This study investigated the relationship between authoritarian leadership and employees' deviant workplace behaviors (DWB), as well as the mediating effects of psychological contract violation and organizational cynicism. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 391 manufacturing workers in a northern city of China. Structural equation modeling was performed to test the theory-driven models...

documentary credit or letter of credit (lc) is one of the methods of payment in international commerce. the documentary credit is a binding commitment from the issuing bank to pay a sum of money to the beneficiary on certain conditions. the applicant needs to contract with an issuing bank to open a lc. the legal nature of such contract is a controversy issue and thus different opinions are brou...

The paper studies a general model of hold-up in a setting encompassing the models of Segal (1999) and Che and Hausch (1999) among others. It is shown that if renegotiation is modelled as an infinite-horizon non-cooperative bargaining game then, with a simple initial contract, an efficient equilibrium will generally exist. The contract gives authority to one party to set the terms of trade and g...

The purpose of this research was identifying socio-economic characteristics affected on respondents’ participation in contract farming. The survey was conducted using structured questionnaire in populous states namely Kedah, Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang, Perak, Selangor and Johor in Peninsular Malaysia. A total of one-hundred and sixty seven FFV farmers were randomly selected and personally int...

in the civil procedures act 1379 the act reference of arbitration is stipulated in agreement and arbitration clause due to no exact order of arbitration contract class. however, the civil law relies on the basis of consensual contracts. in contrast, the international commercial law relies on the arbitration contract as written form. according to the international commercial law, the arbitration...

The purpose of this contract was to apply various mathematical techniques for speeding up electromagnetic simulation codes to present day commercial codes. The techniques to be investigated in the original contract were: wavelet methods, the non-uniform fast Fourier transform, and multipole methods. As the contract evolved, changes were made in two ways: first, the specific techniques investiga...

We present a theoretical explanation for the intuitive proposition that the occupational safety conditions of on-site contract workers (employees of contracting firms) and employees (employees of host companies) are likely to differ. We derive ordinary imperfect information models from a review of regulations governing Japan’s nuclear utility industry. The models imply that hiring contract work...