Two experiments using rats show the effects of introducing response-reinforcer contiguity on a modified recycling conjunctive fixed-time 30 s fixed-ratio 1 schedule of food reinforcement. In Experiment 1, the frequency of programmed contiguity was varied across conditions. The general finding was an increase in overall rate of responding for all rats when the incidence of obtained cont iguity w...

The contiguity effect, the finding that participants organize recalled items in terms of their temporal position on a study list, is a near-ubiquitous feature of studies of free recall. The robustness of this effect to substantial inter-item distraction is thought to reflect the utilization of a retrieval cue that changes slowly as the participant studies items, as well as when they process the...

Recent research has demonstrated that participants often learn a surprising number of word-referent pairings solely from their co-occurrence statistics across individually ambiguous trials. To isolate processes, past designs prevented the same pairing from appearing in two consecutive trials. Yet such temporal contiguity often appears in real world settings, and seems likely to improve learning...

Nearly every theory of causal induction assumes that the existence and strength of causal relations needs to be inferred from observational data in the form of covariations. The last few decades have seen much controversy over exactly how covariations license causal conjectures. One consequence of this debate is that causal induction research has taken for granted that covariation information i...

Abstract This article considers NP complexity and discontinuity in the Papuan language Coastal Marind. First, I give an overview of structure language, which is characterized by extremely limited possibility elaboration modification. connect this to observation that languages are exceptionally simple structures. The lack research makes it difficult evaluate significance such observations, but s...

Two adaptive non-contiguous allocation strategies for 2D-mesh multicomputers are proposed in this paper. The first is first-fit-based and the second is best-fit-based. That is; for a given request, the proposed first-fit-based approach tries to find a free submesh using the well-known first-fit strategy, if it fails, the request at hand is partitioned into two sub-requests that are independentl...

Microbial communities consist of mixed populations of organisms, including unknown species in unknown abundances. These communities are often studied through metagenomic shotgun sequencing, but standard library construction methods remove long-range contiguity information; thus, shotgun sequencing and de novo assembly of a metagenome typically yield a collection of contigs that cannot readily b...

In this paper, we compare the relative effects of segment order, segmentation and segment contiguity on the retrieval performance of a translation memory system. We take a selection of both bag-of-words and segment order-sensitive string comparison methods, and run each over both characterand word-segmented data, in combination with a range of local segment contiguity models (in the form of N-g...

How can animation be used to promote learner understanding of scientific and mathematical explanations? In this review, we examine the role of animation in multimedia learning (including multimedia instructional messages and microworld games), present a cognitive theory of multimedia learning, and summarize our program of research, which has yielded seven principles for the use of animation in ...