Designing programmable privacy logic frameworks that correspond to social, ethical, and legal norms has been a fundamentally hard problem. Contextual integrity (CI) (Nissenbaum 2010) offers a model for conceptualizing privacy that is able to bridge technical design with ethical, legal, and policy approaches. While CI is capable of capturing the various components of contextual privacy in theory...

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We propose a new type of saliency as inspired by findings from visual search studies the searching difficulty is correlated with the target-distractor contrast, the distractor homogeneity, as well as the target uniqueness. By putting an image pixel as the target and the surrounding pixels as distractors, a search guided saliency model is designed in accordance with these findings. In particular...

Prior research has shown that people can use the cooccurrence statistics of words and referents in ambiguous situations to learn word meanings during a brief training period. The present studies investigate the effects of allowing some words and referents to appear more often than others, as is true in real learning environments. More frequent wordreferent pairs are often—but not always—learned...

This tutorial introduces a principled approach to the evaluation of MT systems in their context of use. A method for defining contextual evaluation plans will be described, along with an interactive tool supporting the definition of such plans. This tutorial provides the audience with knowledge and tools for MT evaluation, which will enable them to better justify their choices of particular MT ...

In this study, we tested the online comprehension of antonyms in 39 Italian patients with paranoid schizophrenia and in an equal number of pairwise-matched healthy controls. Patients were rather accurate in identifying antonyms, but compared to controls, they showed longer response times and higher priming scores, suggesting an exaggerated contextual facilitation. Presumably, this reflects a de...

In searching for hidden objects, infants younger than 12 months frequently commit the classic “A-not-B error,” in which they successfully search for an object in one location (A) and then fail to search for it when it is conspicuously hidden in a new location (B). The question is why they fail to make the switch and perseverate at the first location. While these errors have often been attribute...

We study sequential decision making in environments where rewards are only partially observed, but can be modeled as a function of observed contexts and the chosen action by the decision maker. This setting, known as contextual bandits, encompasses a wide variety of applications such as health care, content recommendation and Internet advertising. A central task is evaluation of a new policy gi...

It is known that sleep reshapes the neural representations that subtend the memories acquired while navigating in a virtual environment. However, navigation is not process-pure, as manifold learning components contribute to performance, notably the spatial and contextual memory constituents. In this context, it remains unclear whether post-training sleep globally promotes consolidation of all o...

This work presents methods for multispectral image classification using the contextual classifiers based on Markov Random Field (MRF) models. Performance of some conventional classification methods is evaluated, through a Monte Carlo study, with or without using the contextual reclassification. Spatial autocorrelation is present in the computer-generated data on a true scene. The total misclass...